Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process in the lysosome.There are three main types of autophagy in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and microautophagy. While CMA uses chaperones to identify cargo proteins and then unfolds and transfers them into the lysosome, macroautophagy sequesters cargo by autophagosomes—de novo synthesized of double-membrane vesicles—and then transports it to the lysosome. Microphagy captures cargoes by means of invaginations or protrusions of the lysosomal membrane directly.
The most well-studied form of autophagy, macroautophagy, is low-level and occurs by default. However, under stress conditions, such as nutrient or energy deprivation, it can also be further induced. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a crucial protein degradation pathway, collaborates with stress-induced macrophagy to play a significant role in protein catabolism.
As the research went on, it was discovered that autophagy plays a crucial role in the catabolism of a variety of cellular components, including protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), iron complexes (Ferritinophagy), and carbohydrates. Except for macromolecules, autophagy can also target several organelles and structures, such as mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisome (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosome (ribophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy) and intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).
Numerous human pathologies, such as aging, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, heart disease, and metabolic diseases like diabetes, are linked to autophagy and its dysfunction. Numerous prescription medications and herbal remedies affect autophagy through various signaling pathways. Small molecules that control autophagy appear to have a great deal of promise for treating these diseases in animal models or in clinical settings.
| Structure | Cat No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Product Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
V56488 | Esmolol-d7 hydrochloride (esmolol d7 hydrochloride (hydrochloride)) | 1346598-13-7 | Esmolol-d7 (HCl) is the deuterium labelled form of Esmolol HCl. |
|
V52106 | Euxanthone | 529-61-3 | Euxanthone is a xanthone analogue that can attenuate Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by triggering autophagy. |
|
V52105 | Evogliptin (DA-1229) | 1222102-29-5 | Evogliptin (DA-1229) is an orally bioavailable DPP4 inhibitor (antagonist) with significant and durable hypoglycemic effects in mouse models. |
|
V2646 | FASUDIL (HA-1077) | 103745-39-7 | Fasudil (also known as HA-1077) is a potent inhibitor of ROCK-II, PKA, PKG, PKC, and MLCK with Ki of 0.33 μM, 1.6 μM, 1.6 μM, 3.3 μM and 36 μM in cell-free assays, respectively, it is used as avasodilatorfor the treatment of cerebral vasospasm, which is often due to subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as to improve the cognitive decline seen in stroke victims. |
|
V56292 | FDW028 | 2768426-49-7 | FDW028 is a potent and selective FUT8 inhibitor. |
|
V56493 | Felodipine-d3 (felodipine d3) | 1219795-30-8 | Felodipine-d3 is the deuterium labelled form of Felodipine. |
|
V56513 | Fenofibrate-d4 (fenofibrate-d4) | 1092484-57-5 | Fenofibrate-d4 is the deuterium labelled form of Fenofibrate. |
|
V1845 | Flubendazole (Flutelmium) | 31430-15-6 | Flubendazole (formerly also known as Flumoxanal, NSC 313680), an efficacious anti-helmintic drug widely used as an anti-helmintic for human, rodents and ruminants, is an autophagy inducer by targeting Atg4B, it is used to treat internal parasite and worm infection. |
|
V55027 | Forigerimod (IPP-201101) | 497156-60-2 | Forigerimod (IPP-201101) is a CD4 T cell modulator. |
|
V56505 | Glyburide-d11 (glyburide d11) | 1189985-02-1 | Glyburide-d11 is the deuterated form of Glibenclamide. |
|
V56476 | Glyburide-d3 (Glyburide-d3) | 1219803-02-7 | Glyburide-d3 is the deuterated form of Glibenclamide. |
|
V52033 | GSK3-IN-3 | 331963-27-0 | GSK3-IN-3 is a mitophagy inducer that induces Parkin-dependent mitophagy. |
|
V52025 | GW406108X (GW108X) | 1644443-92-4 | GW406108X is a specific Kif15 (Kinesin-12) inhibitor (antagonist) with IC50 of 0.82 uM. |
|
V53026 | HaloPROTAC-E | 2365478-58-4 | HaloPROTAC-E is a new type of Halo PROTAC highly efficient degrader that can induce the reversible degradation of two endosomal localized proteins, SGK3 and VPS34. |
|
V56474 | HMG499 | 2416941-68-7 | HMG499 is a specific HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (antagonist) with EC50 of 0.41 μM. |
|
V6586 | HOE 33342 trihydrochlorde (Hoechst 33342, HO342) | 23491-52-3 | HOE 33342, formerly known as Hoechst 33342, HO342, is a Benzimidazole fluorescent dye and a Cell permeable fluorescent DNA stain; binds minor groove of AT-rich regions. |
|
V22391 | Icaritin | 118525-40-9 | Icaritin(Anhydroicaritin)is a naturally occurring flavonoid isolated frp, Epimedium brevicornuMaxim. |
|
V2446 | ICCB-19 HCl | 1803605-68-6 | ICCB-19 HCl is a TRADD (TNFRSF1A associated via death domain) inhibitor. |
|
V3744 | IITZ-01 | 1807988-47-1 | IITZ-01 is a novel and potent lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor which has single-agent antitumor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. |
|
V32404 | Indazole | 271-44-3 | Indazole, also known as isoindazole, is a heterocyclic aromatic organic/chemical reagent. |
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
