Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of protein kinase enzymes that play a role in regulating the activity of other proteins by phosphorylating the hydroxyl groups on serine and threonine amino acid residues. Signals like an increase in the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) or diacylglycerol (DAG) can also activate PKC enzymes. PKC enzymes are crucial components of numerous signal transduction cascades.The PKC family consists of 15 isozymes in humans: PKC-α (PRKCA), PKC-β1 (PRKCB), PKC-β2 (PRKCB), PKC-γ (PRKCG), PKC-δ (PRKCD), PKC-δ1 (PRKD1), PKC-δ2 (PRKD2), PKC-δ3 (PRKD3), PKC-ε (PRKCE), PKC-η (PRKCH), PKC-θ (PRKCQ), PKC-ι (PRKCI), PKC-ζ (PRKCZ), PK-N1 (PKN1), PK-N2 (PKN2), PK-N3 (PKN3). PKC participates in the desensitization of receptors, modulation of membrane structure events, transcriptional regulation, mediating immune responses, control of cell growth, learning, and memory. Other proteins are phosphorylated to carry out these functions by PKC.
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