Ras is the name given to a group of related proteins that are present in all types of cells and organs. All members of the Ras protein family are involved in signal transmission within cells and are members of the small GTPase protein class. Ras is the representative member of the Ras superfamily, a group of proteins that all share a common 3D structure and control a variety of cell behaviors.Incoming signals that activate Ras then activate other proteins, which in turn activate genes necessary for cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Ras proteins that are permanently activated can therefore be produced as a result of ras gene mutations. Even in the absence of incoming signals, this may result in unintended and excessive signaling within the cell. Overactive Ras signaling can ultimately result in cancer because these signals cause cell growth and division. The most prevalent oncogenes in human cancer are the three Ras genes (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS), and Ras inhibitors are being researched as a potential treatment for cancer and other conditions characterized by Ras overexpression.
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