MAPK (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a crucial signaling pathway regulating many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and stress responses. It is mainly composed of three kinases: MAPK kinase kinase, MAPK kinase and MAPK, which activate and phosphorylate downstream proteins. MAPK signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of many human diseases including cancer, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), etc. Therefore, the development of small molecules inhibitors that can selectively target the individual components of the MAPK signaling pathway is a key therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.