Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloprotein belonging to the type-3 copper protein family, together with haemocyanins and catechol oxidases.Tyrosinases are the mammalian enzymes that initiate the production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin and hair their color, as well as the browning of fruits and vegetables after cell damage.
Tyrosinases are involved in pigmentation, wound healing, radiation protection, and the initial immune response. They are present in a variety of prokaryotes in addition to plants, fungi, arthropods, and mammals. The hydroxylation of monophenols and the oxidation of diphenols by tyrosinases results in quinones, which spontaneously polymerize to form melanin. Tyrosinases are crucial for wound healing and basic immune responses in plants, sponges, and a variety of invertebrates; they also aid in sclerotization in arthropods; and they shield DNA from UV ray damage in bacteria.
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