Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) transfers an acyl moiety to an acceptor through the action of the enzyme acyltransferase (AT). Acyltransferases have been connected to a number of diseases and are crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. The acyl-CoA:cholesterol AT (ACAT), diacylglycerol AT (DGAT), and monoacylglycerol AT (MGAT) are members of the acyltransferase family, which is involved in the metabolism of lipids.
ACAT (acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase) is an intracellular enzyme that facilitates the conversion of cholesterol and fatty acyl-coenzyme A into cholesterol esters. ACAT1 and ACAT2, two isoenzymes that are encoded by separate genes, are found in mammals. In many tissues, ACATs are crucial for maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
DGAT (acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase) is an integral membrane enzyme that catalyzes the final step of triacylglycerol synthesis from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. Two distinct membrane-bound polypeptides, known as DGAT1 and DGAT2, are where the majority of the DGAT activity is found.
MGAT (acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol, the precursor of physiologically significant lipids like triacylglycerol and phospholipids. Because the assembly of the lipoproteins that carry absorbed fat to other tissues depends on the resynthesis of triacylglycerol, MGAT plays a significant role in the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine.
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