As a member of the glycoprotein hormone receptors subfamily of family A G protein-coupled receptors, the TSH receptor (TSHR) functions. Complicated post-translational changes to the TSH receptor (TSHR) include intramolecular cleavage and receptor multimerization. Thyrotropin (TSH) and its endogenous ligand, TSHR, are critical for the development and operation of the thyroid gland, and the TSH/TSHR system must function properly for the thyroid hormones to be produced and released.
Several G-protein subtypes and signaling pathways are activated by the TSHR, with Gs- and Gq-induced signaling likely being the most significant. For the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones, TSH and its receptor are necessary. Numerous gain- or loss-of-function phenotypes linked to thyroid dysfunction are fundamentally caused by TSHR dysfunctions. There have been suggestions that the TSHR plays a role in the mechanisms and development of ophthalmopathy. Another important autoantigen for autoimmune thyroid gland disorders is TSHR. Furthermore, it has been suggested that TSHR is a powerful target for thyroid cancer, and various experimental drugs are being developed in this regard.
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