The homodimeric aspartyl protease HIV protease, which cleaves proviral polyproteins to produce mature protein components necessary for the development of an infectious virus, is essential for the viral life cycle. In order to create the mature protein components of an infectious HIV virion, HIV protease cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins at the proper locations. When developing anti-retroviral medications to treat HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), HIV protease is a crucial drug target.
HIV-1 protease breaks down the polyproteins Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol to allow viral maturation. More than 12 different substrates are recognized and broken down, which causes viral maturation. Similar to HIV-1, HIV-2 protease is a homodimeric aspartyl enzyme that plays a crucial part in the HIV life cycle by processing the precursor polyproteins Gag and Gag-Pro-Pol, which results in viral maturation.
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