Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis.Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a desirable target for the development of drugs to treat diabetes, cancer, and other diseases because of its critical roles in fatty acid metabolism.
Animals have two main ACC isoforms, ACC1 and ACC2, which are each encoded by a different gene and have different distributions in different tissues and cells. ACC, which is mediated by the related enzymes ACC1 and ACC2, catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA as the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis (FASyn). While ACC2 is attached to the mitochondrial outer membrane, where localized malonyl-CoA production inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) function to stop fatty acids from entering the mitochondria to undergo fatty acid oxidation (FAOxn), ACC1 encodes a cytoplasmic isoform that is thought to be the predominant isoform controlling FASyn.
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