Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process in the lysosome.There are three main types of autophagy in mammalian cells: macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and microautophagy. While CMA uses chaperones to identify cargo proteins and then unfolds and transfers them into the lysosome, macroautophagy sequesters cargo by autophagosomes—de novo synthesized of double-membrane vesicles—and then transports it to the lysosome. Microphagy captures cargoes by means of invaginations or protrusions of the lysosomal membrane directly.
The most well-studied form of autophagy, macroautophagy, is low-level and occurs by default. However, under stress conditions, such as nutrient or energy deprivation, it can also be further induced. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a crucial protein degradation pathway, collaborates with stress-induced macrophagy to play a significant role in protein catabolism.
As the research went on, it was discovered that autophagy plays a crucial role in the catabolism of a variety of cellular components, including protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), iron complexes (Ferritinophagy), and carbohydrates. Except for macromolecules, autophagy can also target several organelles and structures, such as mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisome (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosome (ribophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy) and intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).
Numerous human pathologies, such as aging, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, heart disease, and metabolic diseases like diabetes, are linked to autophagy and its dysfunction. Numerous prescription medications and herbal remedies affect autophagy through various signaling pathways. Small molecules that control autophagy appear to have a great deal of promise for treating these diseases in animal models or in clinical settings.
| Structure | Cat No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Product Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
V56526 | Cilostazol-d11 (cilostazol d11) | 1073608-02-2 | Cilostazol-d11 is the deuterium labelled form of Cilostazol. |
|
V56312 | Clotrimazole-d5 (clotrimazole d5) | 1185076-41-8 | Clotrimazole-d5 is the deuterated form of Clotrimazole. |
|
V56469 | Crizotinib-d5 (PF-02341066-d5) | 1395950-84-1 | Crizotinib-d5 is the deuterated form of crizotinib. |
|
V52215 | CUR5g | 1370032-20-4 | CUR5g is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. |
|
V52195 | DC-LC3in-D5 | 2868312-73-4 | DC-LC3in-D5 works as an autophagy inhibitor by attenuating the lipidation of LC3B. |
|
V4228 | DC661 | 1872387-43-3 | DC661 is a novel dimeric chloroquine which acts as a potent inhibitor of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) with anti-cancer activity, DC661 inhibitsautophagy, and acts as an anti-lysosomal agent. |
|
V56530 | Desethyl Amiodarone-d4 hydrochloride | 1189960-80-2 | Desethyl Amiodarone-d4 ( HCl) is the deuterium labelled form of Desethyl Amiodarone HCl. |
|
V55025 | Desmethyl Naproxen-d3 | 1189427-82-4 | Desmethyl Naproxen-d3 is Desmethyl Naproxen. |
|
V1836 | Dexamethasone (DHAP) | 50-02-2 | Dexamethasone (also known as DHAP; Hexadecadrol; Prednisolone F)) is a potent synthetic glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs, and an interleukin receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. |
|
V1838 | Dexamethasone Acetate | 1177-87-3 | Dexamethasone Acetate (also known as NSC 39471) is the 21-acetoxy (ester) form ofDexamethasone, it isa potent synthetic glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs, and an interleukin receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. |
|
V1837 | Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate | 55203-24-2 | Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate, the salt form of Dexamethasoneadministeredthrough i. |
|
V56497 | Di-N-desethyl amiodarone hydrochloride | 757220-04-5 | Di-N-desethyl Amiodarone HCl is a metabolite of amiodarone . |
|
V1984 | Dioscin (CCRIS 4123) | 19057-60-4 | Dioscin (CCRIS 4123; Collettiside III) is a naturally occuring saponin isolated from Polygonatum Zanlanscianense Pamp, showing antitumor activities. |
|
V1763 | Divalproex Sodium | 76584-70-8 | Divalproex Sodium, consisting of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar ratio in an enteric coated form, is a potent HDAC inhibitor used in the treatment for epilepsy/seizures. |
|
V56519 | Dronedarone-d6 hydrochloride (dronedarone d6) | 1329809-23-5 | Dronedarone-d6 ( HCl) is the deuterated form of Dronedarone. |
|
V52977 | EB-42486 | 2390475-81-5 | EB-42486 is a novel, potent and selective G2019S-LRRK2 inhibitor (IC50 < 0.2 nM). |
|
V52723 | Efavirenz-d5 (Efavirenz d5) | 1132642-95-5 | Efavirenz-d5 is the deuterium labelled form of Efavirenz. |
|
V2500 | Elaiophylin (Azalomycin B) | 37318-06-2 | Elaiophylin (also known as Azalomycin-B)shows antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1a and Trypanosoma brucei brucei GUTat 3.1 strains with IC50 of 0.36 μM and 0.45 μM, respectively. |
|
V32198 | EN6 | 1808714-73-9 | EN6 is a small-molecule in vivo activator of autophagy that covalently targets cysteine 277 in the ATP6V1A subunit of the lysosomal the vacuolar H+ ATPase (v-ATPase). |
|
V52115 | Episilvestrol | 697235-39-5 | Episilvestrol is a silvestrol analogue extracted from Aglaia perviridis and can inhibit the transcriptional process of eIF4A targets. |
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
