The pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases, including sepsis, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, has been linked to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key mediator of apoptosis as well as inflammation and immunity.
TNF- α is a homotrimer in solution and a 17-kDa protein with 157 amino acids. The gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans. Its soluble TNF-binding receptors play a major role in controlling its bioactivity. T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and activated macrophages are the main producers of TNF-α. Numerous other cells, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells, are known to have lower expression. TNF- is produced in cells as pro-TNF (26 kDa), which is membrane-bound and is released after TNF-converting enzyme (TACE) cleaves its pro domain.
The two TNF receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, which are both members of the TNF receptor super-family, mediate many of the cellular responses brought on by TNF. Most cell types respond to TNF treatment by activating the transcription factor NF-B and MAP kinases like ERK, p38, and JNK. In some cases, apoptosis or necrosis may also be induced. However, TNFR1, also referred to as a death receptor, is primarily responsible for the induction of apoptosis or necrosis. Numerous cytokines and immune-regulatory proteins are induced as a result of NF-B and MAPK activation, which is crucial for many inflammatory responses.
| Structure | Cat No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Product Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
V121341 | (20S)-18,20-Epoxydigitoxigenin α-L-thvetoside | 71129-71-0 | (20S)-18,20-Epoxydigitoxigenin α-L-thvetoside is a cardiac glycoside found in the bark of the yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana). |
|
V121561 | (3S)-Tanzisertib hydrochloride | 2517855-91-1 | (3S)-Tanzisertib hydrochloride is an orally effective JNK inhibitor (IC50 values of 61, 7 and 6 nM for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, respectively). |
|
V88552 | (S)-Elobixibat | 439087-68-0 | (S)-Elobixibat is the S-isomer of Elobixibat. |
|
V107688 | (±)-Perillaldehyde | 2111-75-3 | (±)-Perillaldehyde has an antidepressant effect on stress-induced depression-like model mice by regulating the olfactory nervous system. |
|
V123107 | 12-Hydroxydehydroabietic acid | 116032-84-9 | 12-Hydroxydehydroabietic acid is a diterpenoid compound found in the whole plant of *Ilex yunnanensis*. |
|
V123130 | 12-Nitrolinoleate | 774603-05-3 | 12-Nitrolinoleate is an activator of peroxisome proliferation-activating receptor γ (PPARγ). |
|
V103054 | 2-O-Methyl PAF C-16 | 78858-44-3 | 2-O-MethylPAF C-16 (ET-18-O-OCH3) is a structural analog and cytotoxic ether lipid of the inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). |
|
V124853 | 2-O-Methylatromentin | 121254-55-5 | 2-O-Methylatromentin is an anti-neuroinflammatory drug. |
|
V124354 | 2141-V11 | 2923542-55-4 | 2141-V11 is an anti-CD40 agonist antibody with enhanced FcγRIIB binding ability. |
|
V109442 | 3-O-Caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid | 173658-86-1 | 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-feruloylquinic acid is a quinic acid phenolic compound isolated from Mediterranean sea holly (Eryngium bourgatii). |
|
V1944 | VGX-1027 (GIT 27) | 6501-72-0 | VGX-1027 (also known as VGX1027; GIT-27)is an orally bioactive,isoxazoline compound with potent immunomodulatory properties by inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. |
|
V114249 | 7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose | 233690-85-2 | 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose is an orally effective polyphenol compound. |
|
V127635 | 8-(6,7-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2E-octenyloxy)psoralen | 889112-17-8 | 8-(6,7-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2E-octenyloxy)psoralen is a compound found in grapefruit (Citrus grandis). |
|
V128041 | ABI793 | ABI793 is a human IgG1 anti-human CD154 (CD40 ligand) monoclonal antibody. | |
|
V128044 | Abiprubart | 2765071-95-0 | Abiprubart is an anti-CD40 human IgG4κ monoclonal antibody. |
|
V128320 | ADG-106 | ADG-106 is a fully human agonist monoclonal IgG4 antibody that targets CD137 (4-1BB). | |
|
V88553 | AF-45 | AF-45 inhibits IRAK4 and IRAK1 with IC50 of 128 nM and 1765 nM, respectively. | |
|
V106379 | Afimkibart | Afimkibart (PF-06480605) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A). | |
|
V128400 | AGEN-2373 | AGEN-2373 is a conditional agonist antibody that targets the co-stimulatory receptor CD137. | |
|
V77871 | Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 | Akt/NF-κB/MAPK-IN-1 (compound 2m) is an orally bioactive NO inhibitor (IC50=7.70 μM) without obvious toxicity. |