NS3 and its cofactor NS4A make up the complex known as HCV NS3-4A serine protease. It is crucial for processing viral polyproteins, RNA replication, and virion formation and contains serine protease and NTPase/RNA helicase activities.
The HCV NS3/4A protease efficiently cleaves and inactivates two important signaling molecules in the sensory pathways that react to HCV pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce interferons (IFNs), i.e., mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF). HCV infection is associated with chronic liver disease, including hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The NS3-4A serine protease of HCV has been one of the most attractive targets for developing specific antiviral agents against HCV.
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