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Purity: ≥98%
TOFA (5‑tetradecyloxy‑2‑furoic acid), also known as RMI14514 and MDL14514, is an allosteric inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACCA). TOFA is cytotoxic to lung cancer cells NCI-H460 and colon carcinoma cells HCT-8 and HCT-15 with an IC50 at approximately 5.0, 5.0, and 4.5 μg/mL, respectively. TOFA is also found to be cytotoxic to COC1 and COC1/DDP cells with IC50 values of ~26.1 and 11.6 μg/mL respectively. TOFA inhibited the proliferation of the cancer cells examined in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner, arrested the cells in the G0/G1 cell cycle phase and induced apoptosis.
| ln Vitro |
TOFA (5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid) exhibits cytotoxicity against NCI-H460 lung cancer cells as well as HCT-8 and HCT-15 colon cancer cells, with IC50 values of around 5.0, 5.0, and 4.5 μg/mL, in that order. In a dose-dependent manner, TOFA at 1.0–20.0 μg/mL efficiently inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids and causes cell death [1]. The IC50 values of ~26.1 and 11.6 μg/mL for TOFA indicated that it was cytotoxic to COC1 and COC1/DDP cells, respectively. TOFA stops the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, triggers apoptosis, and inhibits the growth of cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent way [2]. Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase-α, or ACCA, is an essential enzyme that controls the production of fatty acids. In most PCa cell lines, TOFA-induced ACCA inhibition results in decreased fatty acid production, caspase activation, and cell death [3].
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| ln Vivo |
COC1/DDP cell growth in ovarian tumor mouse xenografts is inhibited by TOFA. The tumor growth rate was significantly inhibited by TOFA in comparison to control mice treated with DMSO (1649±356.3 vs. 5128±390.4 mm)3. The tissues of the lung, kidney, spleen, heart, and intestines did not exhibit any toxicity. TOFA may develop into a promising small molecule medication for the treatment of ovarian cancer by blocking ACC [2].
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| Cell Assay |
NCI-H460, human lung cancer cells, and HCT-8 and HCT-15 cells (5,000/well) are seeded in 96-well plates overnight and then exposed to TOFA at indicated concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 µg/mL) for 72 hours. Viable cells are detected using MTT assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
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| References |
[1]. Wang C, et al. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha inhibitor TOFA induces human cancer cell apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jul 31;385(3):302-6.
[2]. Li S, et al. TOFA suppresses ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Aug;8(2):373-8. [3]. Guseva NV, et al. TOFA (5-tetradecyl-oxy-2-furoic acid) reduces fatty acid synthesis, inhibits expression of AR, neuropilin-1 and Mcl-1 and kills prostate cancer cells independent of p53 status. Cancer Biol Ther. 2011 Jul 1;12(1):80-5 |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H32O4
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| Molecular Weight |
324.45
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| CAS # |
54857-86-2
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| Related CAS # |
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(O1)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
CZRCFAOMWRAFIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H32O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-16-22-18-15-14-17(23-18)19(20)21/h14-15H,2-13,16H2,1H3,(H,20,21)
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| Chemical Name |
5-tetradecoxyfuran-2-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~4 mg/mL ( 12.32 mM）
Water: Insoluble Ethanol: Insoluble |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.08 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 10.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 2: 5%DMSO+ 40%PEG300+ 5%Tween 80+ 50%ddH2O : 3mg/ml (9.25mM) (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0821 mL | 15.4107 mL | 30.8214 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6164 mL | 3.0821 mL | 6.1643 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3082 mL | 1.5411 mL | 3.0821 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Cytotoxicity of TOFA.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2009 Jul 31;385(3):302-6. |
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 Apoptosis induced by TOFA.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2009 Jul 31;385(3):302-6. |
 Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by TOFA. Palmitate rescues of apoptosis induced by TOFA.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2009 Jul 31;385(3):302-6. |
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