Cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and the exposure of particular phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface are just a few of the distinctive morphological and biochemical features of the cell death process known as apoptosis. Apoptosis-initiated cell death is distinct from necrosis-induced cell death. Apoptotic death, in contrast, is silent and orderly. Necrotic cells are typically recognized as a danger signal by the immune system, which causes inflammation.
There are two main methods for inducing apoptotic cell death: The intrinsic pathway, also known as the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is strictly regulated by the BCL-2 family of proteins and is activated by a variety of developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage, and growth-factor deprivation.The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family members, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1), which contain an intracellular death domain and can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface, are what initiate the extrinsic or death-receptor pathway. Without the involvement of the BCL-2 family, this recruitment results in the subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases like caspase-3, -6, or -7.
Numerous human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), may be influenced by changes in cell survival, according to studies. Some of these diseases may not progress naturally unless specific therapies that change the apoptotic threshold are used.
| Structure | Cat No. | Product Name | CAS No. | Product Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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V35117 | Xanthoxyletin (Zanthoxyletin N) | 84-99-1 | Xanthoxyletin is a coumarin that can be extracted from plants of the genera Zanthoxylum and Xanthoxyletin. |
|
V52623 | Xanthurenic acid-d4 | 1329611-28-0 | Xanthurenic acid-d4 is the deuterated form of Xanthurenic acid. |
|
V54849 | Xerophilusin B | 167894-15-7 | Xerophilusin B is an anticancer agent extracted from Isodon xerophilus. |
|
V35115 | XMU-MP-3 | 2031152-08-4 | XMU-MP-3 is a potent non-covalent BTK inhibitor (antagonist) with IC50s of 10.7 nM and 17.0 nM for BTK WT and BTK C481S mutant in the presence of 10 μM ATP, respectively. |
|
V35114 | XST-14 | 2607143-50-8 | XST-14 is a potent, competitive and selective ULK1 inhibitor (antagonist) with IC50 of 26.6 nM. |
|
V35111 | Xylopine | 517-71-5 | Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid with cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. |
|
V35110 | XZ739 | 2365172-19-4 | XZ739 is a Cereblon-based PROTAC BCL-XL (Bcl-2 family member) degrader that acts on MOLT-4 cells with DC50 of 2.5 nM after 16 hours of treatment. |
|
V1945 | Y-320 | 288250-47-5 | Y-320 is a novel, potent andorally bioactive, phenylpyrazoleanilide immunomodulator, which inhibits IL-17 production by CD4 T cells stimulated with IL-15 with IC50 of 20 to 60 NM. |
|
V34729 | YB-0158 (Wnt pathway inhibitor 2) | 1144043-83-3 | YB-0158 (Wnt pathway inhibitor 2) is a retropeptidomimetic mimetic and a potent colorectal cancer stem cell (CSC) targeting agent. |
|
V35108 | YL93 | 2771313-42-7 | YL93 is a dual (bifunctional) inhibitor of MDM2/4 (Ki=0.64 μM, MDM4; 1.1 nM, MDM2). |
|
V35106 | YM458 | 2770108-93-3 | YM458 is a potent dual (bifunctional) inhibitor of EZH2 and BRD4, with IC50s of 490 nM and 34 nM for EZH2 and BRD4, respectively. |
|
V54957 | YVAD-CHO | 153604-27-4 | YVAD-CHO is an interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) inhibitor that can partially delay the death of motor neurons in mice with facial nerve injury. |
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V51980 | Z-LE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK | 210344-93-7 | Z-LE(OMe)TD(OMe)-FMK is a selective caspase-8 inhibitor that can inhibit apoptosis. |
|
V54961 | Z-LEED-FMK | 1135688-38-8 | Z-LEED-FMK is a caspase-13 and caspase-4 inhibitor. |
|
V35099 | Z-LEHD-FMK TFA | 524746-03-0 | Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is a selective and irreversible caspase-9 inhibitor that prevents lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. |
|
V54856 | Z-LLY-FMK (Calpain Inhibitor IV) | 133410-84-1 | Z-LLY-FMK (Calpain Inhibitor IV) is a calpain inhibitor involved in apoptosis in many cell systems. |
|
V54950 | Z-VDVA-(DL-Asp)-FMK (Z-VD(OMe)VAD(OMe)-(DL-Asp)-FMK) | 1926163-61-2 | Z-VDVA-(DL-Asp)-FMK is an analogue of Z-VDVAD-FMK. |
|
V34695 | Z-VDVAD-FMK (Z-VD(OMe)VAD(OMe)-FMK) | 210344-92-6 | Z-VDVAD-FMK is a specific caspase-2 inhibitor. |
|
V54959 | Z-VEID-AFC | 219138-06-4 | Z-VEID-AFC is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-6. |
|
V54947 | Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) | 210344-96-0 | Z-VEID-FMK is a selective inhibitor of caspase-6. |
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