| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-Fructose-13C-1 primarily targets enzymes involved in fructose metabolism, including fructokinase (ketohexokinase, KHK), aldolase B, and triose kinase. In addition, it interacts with invertases, inulinases, and levanases, enzymes that hydrolyze saccharides involving fructose. The compound is used as a tracer to study fructose metabolism and its role in metabolic pathways, rather than as a drug that activates or inhibits specific receptors.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
As a stable isotope tracer, D-Fructose-13C-1 is not used to measure biological activity in the traditional sense. Instead, it is added to cell culture media or administered to animals, and the incorporation of ¹3C into downstream metabolites (e.g., glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and fatty acids) is analyzed by LC-MS or NMR. This allows for quantification of metabolic flux through glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. In vitro, at a concentration of 10 mM, it is added to cultures of hepatocytes, adipocytes, or cancer cells to assess conversion to ¹3C-enriched metabolites. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-Fructose-13C-1 is administered to animals or humans to track fructose metabolism in real-time. It is used to assess the conversion of exogenous fructose to glucose, lactate, and triglycerides, as well as to study fructose absorption and utilization in specific organs like the liver and small intestine. The ¹3C-labeled fructose can be detected in blood and tissues after oral or intravenous administration, allowing for kinetic analysis of fructose metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays (enzyme activity), D-Fructose-13C-1 can be used as a substrate in purified enzyme assays. For fructokinase (KHK) activity, the reaction mixture (50 uL) contains 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 5 mM ATP, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM D-Fructose-13C-1, and 10 ug of purified human KHK. After incubation at 37degC for 30 minutes, the reaction is stopped by heating at 95degC for 5 minutes. The product (fructose-1-phosphate-13C) is quantified by LC-MS/MS using a C18 column.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, primary human hepatocytes or HepG2 cells are seeded in 6-well plates (1×10⁶ cells/well) in DMEM with 10% FBS. After 24 hours, the medium is replaced with serum-free DMEM containing D-Fructose-13C-1 (1-10 mM). Cells are incubated at 37degC for 1-24 hours. At the end of the incubation, medium and cell pellets are collected. Metabolites are extracted with 80% methanol and analyzed by LC-MS/MS to track ¹3C incorporation into glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and intermediates of the TCA cycle.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, rats or mice are fasted overnight and then administered D-Fructose-13C-1 orally (gavage) at a dose of 1-3 g/kg or intravenously at 0.5-1 g/kg. Blood samples are collected at multiple time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) from the tail vein. Plasma is separated, and metabolites are extracted. Tissues (liver, kidney, small intestine) are harvested at the end of the experiment. Samples are analyzed by LC-MS/MS or ¹3C NMR to determine the enrichment of ¹3C in glucose, lactate, and other metabolites.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
D-Fructose-13C-1 is a stable isotope-labeled monosaccharide with a molecular weight of 181.15 (compared to 180.16 for unlabeled fructose). It is soluble in water (>100 mg/mL) and can be stored as a powder at -20degC. Because the ¹3C label is a stable (non-radioactive) isotope, no special radiation safety precautions are required. The compound is metabolically identical to unlabeled fructose, so its pharmacokinetics follow that of fructose: absorbed from the small intestine, metabolized primarily in the liver via fructokinase, and either converted to glucose or further metabolized to lactate and other products.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
D-Fructose-13C-1 is a stable isotope-labeled compound with the same low toxicity profile as natural fructose. At typical tracer doses (ug-mg per sample), it poses no toxicity risk. At high doses (≥1 g/kg in animal studies), high fructose intake may induce metabolic effects such as increased lipogenesis and uric acid production; however, these are due to fructose itself, not the ¹3C label. The compound is non-radioactive and considered safe for research use with standard handling precautions.
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| References |
[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(2):211-216.
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| Additional Infomation |
D-Fructose-13C-1 is a research compound used as a stable isotope tracer, not an approved drug. It is not intended for therapeutic use and has not undergone clinical trials as a drug. Its primary applications are in metabolic research, including studying fructose metabolism in health and disease (e.g., obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes), quantifying metabolic flux, and as an internal standard for LC-MS analysis. The compound is available for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C513CH12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
181.15
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| Exact Mass |
181.067
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| CAS # |
117013-19-1
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| Related CAS # |
D-Fructose;57-48-7;D-Fructose-13C6;201595-65-5;D-Fructose-13C;108311-21-3;D-Fructose-13C2;2483736-14-5;D-Fructose-6-13C;287100-63-4;D-Fructose-d7;D-Fructose-d-1;D-Fructose-13C6,d7;D-Fructose-d-2;80599-66-2;D-Fructose-d2;285979-75-1;D-Fructose-d2-1;478518-48-8;D(-)-Fructose-18O-1;D-Fructose-18O-2;D-Fructose-13C3;D-Fructose-13C3-1;D-Fructose-13C4;D-Fructose-3-13C;249928-59-4;D-Fructose-4-13C;84270-09-7;D-Fructose-5-13C;635325-97-2;D-Fructose-d;374089-83-5;D-Fructose-d4;478518-49-9
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| PubChem CID |
71310006
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
119-122ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| LogP |
-2.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
162
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
OC[C@H]1O[13C](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
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| InChi Key |
RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-STNXCDFNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3-4(9)5(10)6(11,2-8)12-3/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6?/m1/s1/i6+1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,4S,5R)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)(213C)oxolane-2,3,4-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5203 mL | 27.6014 mL | 55.2029 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1041 mL | 5.5203 mL | 11.0406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5520 mL | 2.7601 mL | 5.5203 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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