| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-Fructose targets ketohexokinase (KHK), a key enzyme in the fructose metabolism pathway. By selectively targeting KHK, fructose exerts regulatory control over its own metabolic fate, influencing downstream processes. As a natural substrate for KHK, high concentrations of fructose can lead to product inhibition. The compound also exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. D-Fructose is a monosaccharide involved in cellular energy metabolism.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, D-Fructose is a natural substrate for ketohexokinase (KHK). It exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, as determined by its ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity in VERO-6 cells with an IC50 greater than 19952.62 nM. The compound is used in cell culture media as a carbon source. It is a common sugar used in biochemical research. Its metabolic effects have been characterized in various in vitro systems.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-Fructose is a monosaccharide involved in energy metabolism. It is a natural substrate for ketohexokinase and regulates fructose metabolism. The compound is used in cell culture and as a sweetener. Its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 has been reported. Further in vivo studies have evaluated its metabolic effects and potential therapeutic applications. D-Fructose is a common dietary sugar.
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| Enzyme Assay |
D-Fructose enzyme assays involve measuring ketohexokinase (KHK) activity. KHK activity is assessed by monitoring the phosphorylation of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate using spectrophotometric or coupled enzyme assays. The compound serves as the substrate for these assays. Kinetic parameters such as Km and Vmax are determined. For antiviral assays, VERO-6 cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with D-Fructose at varying concentrations to assess inhibition of virus-induced cytotoxicity (IC50 > 19952.62 nM). Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
D-Fructose cell-based assays are conducted in VERO-6 cells and other cell lines. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with D-Fructose at varying concentrations. For antiviral studies, cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2 and cytotoxicity is assessed by MTT or similar assays. For metabolic studies, cells are treated with fructose and metabolic flux is assessed. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
D-Fructose in vivo studies are conducted in animal models for metabolic and antiviral research. Animals are administered D-Fructose via oral administration or injection. For metabolic studies, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels are measured. For antiviral studies, animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be used. Dosing regimens are optimized based on pharmacokinetic data. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for biochemical analysis at study endpoints. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
D-Fructose (MW 180.16 g/mol, C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide. It is also known as D-(-)-Fructose or D-(-)-Levulose. The compound is soluble in water. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. D-Fructose is a natural substrate for ketohexokinase. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been characterized in clinical and preclinical studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
D-Fructose is generally recognized as safe as a dietary sugar. The compound is a common monosaccharide consumed in the diet. No significant adverse effects have been reported at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be employed when handling this compound. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation is available from food safety and clinical studies.
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| Additional Infomation |
Keto-D-fructose is the open-chain form of D-fructose. It is both ketofructose and D-fructose, and is also an enantiomer of ketofructose-L-fructose. D-(-)-fructose has been reported in apple wood (Maclura pomifera), rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa), and other organisms with relevant data. D-fructose is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a monosaccharide found in sweet fruits and honey, soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It can be used as a preservative and also for intravenous administration in parenteral nutrition. See also: D-fructose (note moved to).
D-Fructose (D-(-)-Fructose) is a monosaccharide and a natural substrate for ketohexokinase (KHK). It exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50 greater than 19952.62 nM. The compound is used in cell culture and biochemical research. Its molecular formula is C6H12O6 with a molecular weight of 180.16 g/mol. All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.1559
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| Exact Mass |
180.063
|
| CAS # |
57-48-7
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| Related CAS # |
25702-76-5
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| PubChem CID |
5984
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
551.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
119-122 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
301.5±26.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.574
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| LogP |
-1.63
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
147
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O([H])[C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C(C([H])([H])O[H])=O)O[H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
BJHIKXHVCXFQLS-UYFOZJQFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3,5-9,11-12H,1-2H2/t3-,5-,6-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~555.06 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (277.53 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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