| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not applicable as a drug; this is an isotopically labeled tracer. In vivo, unlabeled D-fructose is metabolized via the fructolysis pathway in the liver and small intestine, primarily involving ketohexokinase (KHK) and aldolase B.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
D-Fructose-6-13C has the same biochemical properties as unlabeled fructose. Fructose is a reducing sugar that serves as a substrate for glycolysis, lipogenesis (via acetyl-CoA), and glycation reactions. The 13C label enables tracking of fructose carbon atoms through these pathways. |
| ln Vivo |
Not applicable; as a tracer, D-Fructose-6-13C is used in metabolic flux analysis (MFA) studies to investigate the contribution of fructose to gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and energy production. Unlabeled fructose has effects on appetite regulation, insulin secretion, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
D-Fructose-6-13C (50-500 mg/kg) is administered to rodents (mice, rats) by oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Blood is collected at multiple time points (0-6 hours), and plasma glucose and lactate are analyzed by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS to determine the incorporation of 13C from fructose into these metabolites.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable; this is a tracer molecule. The labeled compound is spiked into biological samples or administered to animals. In vitro, D-Fructose-6-13C (0.1-10 mM) is added to isolated hepatocytes or liver homogenates. After incubation, metabolites are derivatized (e.g., methoximation/TMS) and analyzed by GC-MS to determine 13C enrichment.
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| Animal Protocol |
Primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells are incubated with D-Fructose-6-13C (1-25 mM) in glucose-free medium for 1-24 hours. Cell pellets are extracted, and the 13C labeling pattern in glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and UDP-glucose is analyzed by LC-MS/MS or NMR to quantify gluconeogenic flux.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Mice are fasted for 12-16 hours and then given D-Fructose-6-13C (0.5-2 g/kg) by oral gavage. Blood samples (20-50 microL) are collected from the tail vein at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 min. Plasma metabolites are analyzed for 13C enrichment to calculate the rate of fructose absorption and conversion to glucose.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Fructose is rapidly absorbed in the small intestine (t1/2 absorption ~15-30 minutes) and cleared from the circulation with a plasma half-life of 30-60 minutes. It is predominantly metabolized in the liver (50-70%) and small intestine (20-30%), with minimal renal excretion (<5%).
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
No toxicity; fructose is a natural dietary sugar. At tracer doses (mg/kg), D-Fructose-6-13C poses no toxicological risk. At very high doses (g/kg), unlabeled fructose can cause osmotic diarrhea, flatulence, and, with chronic overconsumption, hepatic steatosis.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
181.148537635803
|
| Exact Mass |
181.066
|
| CAS # |
287100-63-4
|
| Related CAS # |
D-Fructose;57-48-7;D-Fructose-13C6;201595-65-5;D-Fructose-13C;108311-21-3;D-Fructose-13C-1;117013-19-1;D-Fructose-13C2;2483736-14-5;D-Fructose-d7;D-Fructose-d-1;D-Fructose-13C6,d7;D-Fructose-d-2;80599-66-2;D-Fructose-d2;285979-75-1;D-Fructose-d2-1;478518-48-8;D(-)-Fructose-18O-1;D-Fructose-18O-2;D-Fructose-13C3;D-Fructose-13C3-1;D-Fructose-13C4;D-Fructose-3-13C;249928-59-4;D-Fructose-4-13C;84270-09-7;D-Fructose-5-13C;635325-97-2;D-Fructose-d;374089-83-5;D-Fructose-d4;478518-49-9
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.574
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~690.04 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5203 mL | 27.6014 mL | 55.2029 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1041 mL | 5.5203 mL | 11.0406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5520 mL | 2.7601 mL | 5.5203 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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