| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100g |
|
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Cremophor EL exhibited time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HeLa epithelial cells. After 1-hour exposure, viability remained >80% at 0.01–0.1 mg/mL but dropped to <20% at 1 mg/mL. After 24 hours, IC50 values were 0.025 mg/mL for HUVECs and 0.035 mg/mL for HeLa cells. Cytotoxicity was attributed to plasma membrane disruption, observed via microscopy. [1]
Cremophor EL is a common excipient. Cremophor EL at 5 mg/mL raises the impedance for the first 10 hours, then lowers it. Epithelial cell death is observed after 20 hours of treatment. More so than RH40, cremophor EL reduces cell viability and enhances cell toxicity. At doses of 10 to 50 mg/mL of Cremophor EL, both epithelial viability and monolayer integrity are significantly compromised after a 24-hour treatment. Moreover, cell dissociation is improved with cremophor EL[1]. |
|---|---|
| Cell Assay |
Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates (5,000 cells/well) and incubated overnight. Cremophor EL was dissolved in culture medium and serially diluted. Cells were exposed for 1, 4, or 24 hours. After treatment, MTT reagent was added and incubated for 4 hours. Formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Viability was normalized to untreated controls. [1]
Live-cell imaging tracked morphological changes during exposure. Cells were treated with 0.05–0.5 mg/mL Cremophor EL and imaged every 5 minutes for 4 hours using phase-contrast microscopy. Membrane blebbing and lysis were documented. [1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cremophor EL induces acute cytotoxicity by directly damaging the cell membrane, manifested as a rapid release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, LDH levels increased threefold within 15 minutes. The cytotoxicity was partially reversible: cells washed 1 hour after exposure recovered 60-70% of their viability after 24 hours. It did not activate apoptosis or necrosis pathways. [1]
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Cremophor EL induces acute cytotoxicity by directly damaging the cell membrane, manifested as a rapid release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, LDH levels increased threefold within 15 minutes. The cytotoxicity was partially reversible: cells washed 1 hour after exposure recovered 60-70% of their viability after 24 hours. It did not activate apoptosis or necrosis pathways. [1]
|
| Molecular Formula |
C4H7CL2NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
172.0099
|
| Exact Mass |
170.985
|
| CAS # |
61791-12-6
|
| Related CAS # |
Cremophor EL-36; 61791-12-6; Cremophor EL-10; 61791-12-6; Cremophor EL-20; 61791-12-6; Cremophor EL-60; 61791-12-6; Cremophor EL-80; 61791-12-6; Cremophor EL-90; 61791-12-6
|
| PubChem CID |
154733643
|
| Appearance |
Light yellow to brow liquid
|
| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
305.7±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
4°C
|
| Flash Point |
138.7±25.1 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.481
|
| LogP |
0.62
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
65
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
78
|
| Complexity |
1310
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
ClC([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])Cl)OC(N([H])[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
LXZHFNATOMRESM-AAKVHIHISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C63H116O15/c1-4-7-10-31-40-57(64)43-34-25-19-13-16-22-28-37-46-73-61(67)76-51-49-70-55-60(72-53-54-78-63(69)75-48-39-30-24-18-15-21-27-36-45-59(66)42-33-12-9-6-3)56-71-50-52-77-62(68)74-47-38-29-23-17-14-20-26-35-44-58(65)41-32-11-8-5-2/h25-27,34-36,57-60,64-66H,4-24,28-33,37-56H2,1-3H3/b34-25-,35-26-,36-27-
|
| Chemical Name |
2-[1,3-bis[2-[(Z)-11-hydroxyheptadec-8-enoxy]carbonyloxyethoxy]propan-2-yloxy]ethyl [(Z)-11-hydroxyheptadec-8-enyl] carbonate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol : ~50 mg/mL
H2O : ~25 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of ethanol stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of ethanol stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: 5 mg/mL in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Suspended solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of EtOH stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.8136 mL | 29.0681 mL | 58.1362 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1627 mL | 5.8136 mL | 11.6272 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5814 mL | 2.9068 mL | 5.8136 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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