| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose. It is a nutrient involved in energy production and is a key component of glycolipids and glycoproteins.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, D-Galactose-13C6 is used as a tracer in cell culture to study galactose metabolism and carbon flux through the Leloir pathway and glycolysis. It is added to culture media to investigate metabolic rewiring in cancer cells or other models.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, this compound is administered to animals or humans as a tracer to study whole-body galactose metabolism, including its conversion to glucose and incorporation into glycoproteins. It is also used in metabolic flux analysis.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell assays involve using D-Galactose-13C6 as a tracer in metabolic assays. It is incubated with tissue homogenates or purified enzymes (e.g., galactokinase, GALT), and 13C-labeled metabolites are quantified by GC-MS or NMR.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell studies, D-Galactose-13C6 is dissolved in culture medium (e.g., replacing glucose with galactose) and added to hepatocytes, neurons, or cancer cell lines. Isotopic enrichment in downstream metabolites is analyzed by LC-MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal studies, D-Galactose-13C6 is typically administered to rodents by intravenous tracer infusion or oral gavage. Blood and tissue samples are collected to measure 13C enrichment in glucose and other metabolites by GC-MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetics of D-Galactose-13C6 are identical to unlabeled D-galactose: it is rapidly absorbed from the gut, metabolized in the liver via the Leloir pathway, and converted to glucose or glycogen. It has a short plasma half-life.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
D-Galactose is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The labeled analog is considered non-toxic for research use at tracer doses. High doses of unlabeled galactose may cause cataracts and hepatomegaly.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-Galactose-13C6 is used as an internal standard for the quantification of galactose by GC-MS or LC-MS in clinical diagnostics (e.g., for galactosemia). It is also used in metabolic flux analysis and NMR-based structural studies of glycoproteins.
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| Molecular Formula |
13C6H12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
186.11
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| Exact Mass |
186.084
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| CAS # |
74134-89-7
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| Related CAS # |
D-Galactose;59-23-4;D-Galactose-13C;70849-30-8;D-Galactose-13C-2;478518-56-8;D-Galactose-d2-1;1176791-08-4;D-Galactose-13C,d;370565-96-1;D-Galactose-13C-3;478518-58-0;D-Galactose-13C-4;478518-60-4;D-Galactose-13C-5;478518-62-6;D-Galactose-d;64267-73-8;D-Galactose-d-1;64429-86-3;D-Galactose-d-2;478518-70-6;D-Galactose-d-3;478518-71-7;D-Galactose-d2;35669-34-2
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| PubChem CID |
12285877
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
169-170ºC(lit.)
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| LogP |
-2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
151
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
[13CH2]([13C@@H]1[13C@H]([13C@@H]([13C@H]([13C@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-YPYOLYKNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1/i1+1,2+1,3+1,4+1,5+1,6+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxy(113C)methyl)(2,3,4,5,6-13C5)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~250 mg/mL (~1343.29 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3732 mL | 26.8658 mL | 53.7317 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0746 mL | 5.3732 mL | 10.7463 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5373 mL | 2.6866 mL | 5.3732 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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