| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose is a disaccharide that serves as a structural component of polysaccharides. Its primary target is not a biological receptor but rather its role as a carbohydrate building block. The compound is part of the polysaccharide main chain with β-(1→6)-glycosidic bonds and side chains connected by β-(1→3) bonds. As a disaccharide, it can be used as a substrate for studying glycosidases and other carbohydrate-active enzymes. It may also serve as a reference standard for analytical method development in carbohydrate chemistry. The compound's β-glycosidic linkages make it useful for studying enzyme specificity and carbohydrate metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies of 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose have focused on its role as a disaccharide and polysaccharide component. The compound is used in analytical method development and quality control applications. Its structure and properties have been characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and other analytical techniques. As a carbohydrate, its interactions with glycosidases and other enzymes have been studied in vitro. These studies provide foundational data for understanding the compound's properties and its applications in carbohydrate chemistry and glycobiology.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research chemical and analytical standard. As a disaccharide, it would be metabolized by intestinal enzymes and gut microbiota. The compound may be hydrolyzed to galactose, which is then absorbed and metabolized through standard carbohydrate pathways. Its use in analytical method development for abbreviated new drug applications (ANDA) suggests it is used in pharmaceutical quality control. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose involve testing its hydrolysis by glycosidases. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the release of galactose from the disaccharide using colorimetric, fluorometric, or chromatographic methods. The compound can be used as a substrate to characterize the specificity and kinetics of β-galactosidases and other carbohydrate-active enzymes. Its purity and identity are assessed using analytical chemistry methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. All assays are performed with appropriate controls and standardized protocols to ensure reproducibility of results.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a research chemical and analytical standard. Its effects on cell metabolism would be evaluated in the context of carbohydrate metabolism studies. Cells could be treated with the compound and galactose release or cellular uptake could be measured. Cell viability would be assessed using standard assays. However, comprehensive cell-based studies specifically targeting 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose as a biological agent are not well documented in the available literature.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose are not well documented, as the compound is primarily used as a research chemical and analytical standard. For metabolism studies, animals would be administered the compound orally or intravenously, and blood and tissue samples would be collected at various time points. Galactose levels would be measured to assess hydrolysis and absorption. Parameters assessed would include blood glucose, galactose, and metabolic markers. Control groups receiving vehicle alone would be included for comparison. All procedures would comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. Comprehensive in vivo studies are not well documented in the available literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose reflect its nature as a disaccharide. It has a molecular weight of 342.30 and the molecular formula C12H22O11. As a disaccharide, it is hydrophilic and water-soluble. It is stored at -20°C. The compound would be hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes to galactose, which is then absorbed. The compound's pharmacokinetics would be similar to other disaccharides. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose has been evaluated in the context of its use as a research chemical. As a disaccharide composed of galactose, it is expected to have low toxicity. Galactose is a naturally occurring sugar that is metabolized by the body. At research use concentrations, the compound is generally considered safe for laboratory applications. Proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile for pharmaceutical applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
6-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose (CAS# 5077-31-6) is also known as D-Galactose, 6-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl, 6-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose, and D-Galactose Impurity B. It has the molecular formula C12H22O11 and a molecular weight of 342.30. The compound is a disaccharide that is part of the polysaccharide backbone with β-(1→6)-glycosidic bonds. The side chain is connected with β-(1→3) through β-(1→3) bonds. The compound can be used for analytical method development, method validation, and quality control applications for abbreviated new drug applications. It is stored at -20°C and is intended for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H22O11
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| Molecular Weight |
342.30
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| Exact Mass |
342.116
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| CAS # |
5077-31-6
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| PubChem CID |
151251
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.68g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
774.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
288.9ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.622
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
367
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)OC[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
AYRXSINWFIIFAE-VLGSDMRPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4(15)7(17)8(18)5(16)3-22-12-11(21)10(20)9(19)6(2-14)23-12/h1,4-12,14-21H,2-3H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8-,9-,10-,11+,12?/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-[(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanal
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9214 mL | 14.6071 mL | 29.2141 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5843 mL | 2.9214 mL | 5.8428 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2921 mL | 1.4607 mL | 2.9214 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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