| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
In ascites hepatoma cells, 2-Deoxy-D-galactose (1 mM/L; 5 h) is phosphorylated rapidly during the first 30 min and then drops to around 20% of this rate throughout the following hours[4].
|
|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
2-Deoxy-D-galactose (380 mg/kg; intraperitoneally; six times) significantly reduces the amounts of UDP galactose, UMP, and UDPG in rat livers[1]. 2-Deoxy-D-galactose (2–8 μM; intracerebroventricular injection; once) exhibits PAR impairment 15 minutes after do-gal administration and 30 minutes before to the acquisition trial at a dose of 4 μM[3].
|
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male adult Wistar rats with passive avoidance response (PAR) acquisition trial[3] ]
Doses: 2, 4 and 8 μM Route of Administration: Intracerebroventricular injection; 2-8 μM; once Experimental Results: demonstrated PAR disruption at a dose of 4 μM. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
When using conventional clearance and shut-down techniques to study the excretion of 2-deoxyglucose in the kidneys of dogs and mice, it was found that the average reabsorption rate in the renal tubules was 68-89% of the filtration load, with the reabsorption site located in the proximal tubules. Metabolism/Metabolites Following daily intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg body weight of 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 7 consecutive days, 2-deoxy-D-glucose was converted to 6-phosphate in the testes and liver of mice. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Interactions
Intraperitoneal injection of high doses of 2-deoxyglucose in rats induced electroretinogram changes, manifested as a decrease in both alpha and beta waves. D-glucose antagonized this effect. Simultaneous administration of glucose doses exceeding the rat's maximum tubular transport capacity inhibited tubular reabsorption of 2-deoxyglucose. Therefore, the tubular reabsorption process may be identical to the glucose reabsorption process. In anestrus sheep, 2-deoxyglucose infusion inhibited estradiol-induced LH release but had no inhibitory effect on LH-RH-induced LH release. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibited the repair of X-ray-induced potentially lethal damage in mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. For more complete data on 2-deoxy-D-glucose interactions (6 in total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| References |
[1]. Keppler DO, et al. The trapping of uridine phosphates by D-galactosamine. D-glucosamine, and 2-deoxy-D-galactose. A study on the mechanism of galactosamine hepatitis. Eur J Biochem. 1970 Dec;17(2):246-53.
[2]. Krug M, et al. The amnesic substance 2-deoxy-D-galactose suppresses the maintenance of hippocampal LTP. Brain Res. 1991 Feb 1;540(1-2):237-42. [3]. Lorenzini CG, et al. 2-Deoxy-D-galactose effects on passive avoidance memorization in the rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1997 Nov;68(3):317-24. [4]. Smith DF, Keppler DO. 2-Deoxy-D-galactose metabolism in ascites hepatoma cells results in phosphate trapping and glycolysis inhibition. Eur J Biochem. 1977 Feb 15;73(1):83-92. |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Deoxy-D-galactose is a deoxygalactose. Functionally, it is associated with aldehyde-D-galactose and D-galactose. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a non-metabolizable glucose analog where the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of glucose is replaced by a hydrogen atom, possessing potential glycolysis inhibitory and antitumor activity. Although its exact mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, upon administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), the drug competes with glucose for uptake by proliferating cells (e.g., tumor cells). 2-DG inhibits the first step of glycolysis, thereby preventing cellular energy production, which may lead to reduced tumor cell proliferation. See also: 2-Deoxy-lythose (note moved to).
Therapeutic Use Antimetabolite; Antiviral Drugs Drugs (Veterinary): Topical treatment of genital herpes in female guinea pigs with 2-deoxy-D-glucose or miconazole nitrate ointment in agarose gel failed to prevent the occurrence of genital lesions or reduce the average titer of retrievable virus in vaginal swabs from infected animals. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
164.16
|
| Exact Mass |
164.068
|
| CAS # |
1949-89-9
|
| PubChem CID |
102191
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
456.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
107-110 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
244.1±25.2 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.534
|
| LogP |
-3.07
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
116
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
O([H])[C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])=O)O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
VRYALKFFQXWPIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O5/c7-2-1-4(9)6(11)5(10)3-8/h2,4-6,8-11H,1,3H2
|
| Chemical Name |
3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 250 mg/mL (1522.90 mM)
Methanol: 125 mg/mL (761.45 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0916 mL | 30.4581 mL | 60.9162 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2183 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6092 mL | 3.0458 mL | 6.0916 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
