| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Stearic acid, the unlabeled form, targets peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, particularly PPARalpha and PPARgamma) and is incorporated into cellular membrane phospholipids. The labeled compound is an analytical tool with no independent pharmacological target.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The labeled compound is not used for pharmacological activity assessment. In vitro, Stearic acid-d2 serves as an internal standard for analytical methods. Unlabeled stearic acid is studied in cell cultures (e.g., adipocytes, hepatocytes) for its effects on lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, and inflammatory gene expression.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Stearic acid-d2 is administered to animals in tracer studies to investigate lipid absorption, transport, and metabolism, particularly in metabolic flux analysis and lipidomics. It is used to track stearic acid fate through beta-oxidation and elongation/desaturation pathways.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell assays involve using Stearic acid-d2 as an internal standard for the quantification of stearic acid in biological samples (plasma, tissues, food) by GC-MS or LC-MS. A fixed amount (0.1-10 ug) is added to each standard and sample before lipid extraction and derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not typical for the labeled compound. For cell studies with unlabeled stearic acid, it is typically complexed with fatty acid-free BSA and added to culture medium (10-100 uM). Cells are incubated for 1-24 hours, then harvested for lipid extraction and analysis of fatty acid composition by GC-MS.
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| Animal Protocol |
In animal studies, Stearic acid-d2 is typically administered to rodents by oral gavage (dissolved in corn oil or as an emulsion) or mixed into high-fat diets. Blood and tissue samples (liver, adipose, muscle) are collected at various time points. Total lipids are extracted, derivatized to FAMEs, and analyzed by GC-MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Stearic acid is absorbed from the intestine and incorporated into chylomicrons. It is distributed to tissues, stored in adipose tissue, and metabolized by beta-oxidation in mitochondria. The compound has a long elimination half-life (days to weeks). The deuterium label does not alter its ADME properties.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Stearic acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is a common dietary fatty acid. It has a neutral effect on blood cholesterol compared to other saturated fats. The deuterated analog is considered non-toxic for research use and is handled under standard laboratory safety protocols.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Stearic acid-d2 is used as a stable isotope-labeled internal standard for the quantification of stearic acid by GC-MS or LC-MS in lipidomics research, nutritional studies, metabolic tracer experiments, and food analysis. It is not an approved drug.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H34D2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
286.49
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| Exact Mass |
286.284
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| CAS # |
19905-58-9
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| Related CAS # |
Stearic acid;57-11-4;Calcium stearate;1592-23-0
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| PubChem CID |
12346568
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.894 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
361ºC(lit.)
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| Melting Point |
68-70ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
162.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
8.58E-06mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.455
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| LogP |
6.332
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
202
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-FBCWWBABSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H36O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/i17D2
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| Chemical Name |
2,2-dideuteriooctadecanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4905 mL | 17.4526 mL | 34.9052 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6981 mL | 3.4905 mL | 6.9810 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3491 mL | 1.7453 mL | 3.4905 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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