| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Chlorotoxin TFA targets specific chloride channels overexpressed in tumor cells, especially gliomas. It also binds to matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) isoforms. The TFA salt form enhances water solubility and stability for research applications.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Chlorotoxin TFA preferentially binds to glioma cells. It functions as a chloride channel blocker and is used as a pharmacological tool to investigate the function of chloride channels. It also has been studied for its anti-cancer activity.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Chlorotoxin TFA has been shown to have insecticidal activity. It has been harnessed to develop an imaging agent to help visualize tumors during surgical resection. Chlorotoxin conjugates show tumor-specific accumulation in animal models of glioma.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro binding assays, recombinant MMP-2 or chloride channel proteins are immobilized on a sensor chip. Varying concentrations of Chlorotoxin TFA (0-1000 nM) are flowed over the chip in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument. The binding affinity (Kd) is calculated from the binding curves.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, glioma cells (e.g., C6, U251, or U87-MG cells) are seeded in 96-well plates. Cells are treated with Chlorotoxin TFA (0-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is measured using an MTT or CellTiter-Glo assay. For imaging studies, cells are incubated with fluorescently labeled Chlorotoxin.
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| Animal Protocol |
For animal studies, nude mice bearing subcutaneous or intracranial glioma xenografts are used. Chlorotoxin TFA conjugated to a near-infrared dye (e.g., 1-5 nmol per mouse) or a drug carrier is injected intravenously. Tumor accumulation is monitored by fluorescence imaging at multiple time points (e.g., 0-72 hours).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chlorotoxin TFA has a molecular weight of 4109.74 Da (for the TFA salt). The TFA salt form enhances solubility in water (12.5 mg/mL). As a peptide, it is susceptible to proteolytic degradation, which limits its systemic half-life. It is stored as a powder at -20degC, protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Chlorotoxin TFA is a research-grade peptide not for human use. It is considered non-toxic at standard research doses, but high doses may cause insecticidal effects in invertebrates. Standard safety precautions for handling peptides (e.g., avoiding inhalation, skin contact) should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Chlorotoxin TFA (free base CAS: 163515-35-3) is a 36-amino acid peptide with a molecular formula of C160H250F3N53O49S11. It has four disulfide bridges in its native form. The TFA salt is supplied with a purity of >98%. It is used in cancer research, particularly for glioma targeting.
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| Molecular Formula |
C160H250F3N53O49S11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
4109.74
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| Related CAS # |
Chlorotoxin(linear);Chlorotoxin;163515-35-3
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~33.33 mg/mL (~8.11 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2433 mL | 1.2166 mL | 2.4332 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0487 mL | 0.2433 mL | 0.4866 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0243 mL | 0.1217 mL | 0.2433 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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