| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Because chlorotoxin binds to tumor cells preferentially, it has been used to create an imaging agent that makes tumors easier to see during surgical resection. Furthermore, chlorotoxin may be used as a vehicle to deliver anticancer medications to cancer cells only. Glioma cells bind to chlorotoxin, while normal rat astrocytes and the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line Te671 are unaffected. With an IC50 of 600 nM, chlorotoxin prevents U251MG (glioma) cells from migrating[2]. Chlorotoxin binds specifically to glioma cells through both low-affinity (Kd=660 nM) and high-affinity (Kd=4.2 nM) binding sites [3]. Chlorotoxins have the ability to effectively block small conductance chloride channels. Chloride channel function has been studied using general pharmacological tools, such as chlorotoxins [4].
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| ln Vivo |
Invertebrates, including insects, are susceptible to the insecticidal effects of chlorotoxins. The peptide accumulated in the tumors of mice bearing tumors after they were injected with I-chlorotoxin [2]. When compared to control animals, the brain:muscle ratio of tumor-bearing mice was found to be 36.4% of the injected dose/g (ID/g), indicating that the accumulation of chlorotoxin was specific to their brains [3].
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Chlorotoxin is being investigated in the clinical trial NCT00733798 (a study on the safety and efficacy of intravenous 131I-TM601 in adult patients with malignant melanoma). Chlorotoxin is a neurotoxin with potential anticancer properties. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a 36-amino acid peptide found in the venom of dead scorpions and is also a chloride channel blocker. This toxin preferentially binds to glioma cells via the transmembrane peptidase matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), thereby preventing the spread of tumor cells. MMP-2 is specifically upregulated in gliomas and related cancers, but is not expressed in normal brain tissue.
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| Molecular Formula |
C158H249N53O47S11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
3995.70955999997
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| Exact Mass |
3992.5
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| CAS # |
163515-35-3
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| Related CAS # |
Chlorotoxin(linear);Chlorotoxin TFA
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| PubChem CID |
86278273
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| Sequence |
Met-Cys-Met-Pro-Cys-Phe-Thr-Thr-Asp-His-Gln-Met-Ala-Arg-Lys-Cys-Asp-Asp-Cys-Cys-Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Lys-Cys-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Gln-Cys-Leu-Cys-Arg-NH2 (Disulfide bridge: Cys2-Cys19,Cys5-Cys28,Cys16-Cys33,Cys20-Cys35)MCMPCFTTDHQMARKCDDCCGGKGRGKCYGPQCLCR-NH2 (Disulfide bridge: Cys2-Cys19,Cys5-Cys28,Cys16-Cys33,Cys20-Cys35)
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| SequenceShortening |
MCMPCFTTDHQMARKCDDCCGGKGRGKCYGPQCLCR-NH2 (Disulfide bridge: Cys2-Cys19,Cys5-Cys28,Cys16-Cys33,Cys20-Cys35)
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Source |
Originated from animals: Leiurus Quinquestriatus
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| LogP |
-22
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
56
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
66
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
63
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| Heavy Atom Count |
269
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| Complexity |
9210
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
33
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| SMILES |
NCCCC[C@@H]1NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]2NC([C@@H]3CSSC[C@H](NC([C@H](CCSC)N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N4CCC[C@@H]4C(=O)N[C@H]4CSSC[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(NCC(N5CCC[C@H]5C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC4=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)=O)[C@H](O)C)=O)[C@H](O)C)=O)CC(=O)O)=O)CC4=CN=CN4)=O)CCC(=O)N)=O)CCSC)=O)C)=O)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)CCCCN)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N3)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)CSSC2)=O)CC(C)C)=O)=O)CCC(=O)N)=O)=O)=O)CC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)CNC1=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
QPAKKWCQMHUHNI-GQIQPHNSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C158H249N53O47S11/c1-77(2)55-96-138(241)205-105(144(247)186-86(125(165)228)28-18-47-173-156(166)167)70-264-262-68-103-131(234)177-63-115(217)176-64-116(218)183-87(25-12-15-44-159)128(231)178-65-117(219)184-88(29-19-48-174-157(168)169)129(232)179-66-118(220)185-89(26-13-16-45-160)133(236)202-107-72-267-269-75-110-149(252)195-98(56-81-23-10-9-11-24-81)143(246)208-124(80(5)213)154(257)209-123(79(4)212)153(256)199-102(61-122(226)227)141(244)196-99(58-83-62-172-76-181-83)139(242)189-92(37-39-113(163)215)136(239)190-94(42-53-260-7)132(235)182-78(3)126(229)187-91(30-20-49-175-158(170)171)134(237)188-90(27-14-17-46-161)135(238)203-108(73-266-265-71-106(146(249)193-96)204-137(240)93(38-40-114(164)216)191-151(254)111-31-21-50-210(111)119(221)67-180-130(233)97(194-147(107)250)57-82-33-35-84(214)36-34-82)148(251)198-100(59-120(222)223)140(243)197-101(60-121(224)225)142(245)206-109(150(253)201-103)74-268-263-69-104(200-127(230)85(162)41-52-259-6)145(248)192-95(43-54-261-8)155(258)211-51-22-32-112(211)152(255)207-110/h9-11,23-24,33-36,62,76-80,85-112,123-124,212-214H,12-22,25-32,37-61,63-75,159-162H2,1-8H3,(H2,163,215)(H2,164,216)(H2,165,228)(H,172,181)(H,176,217)(H,177,234)(H,178,231)(H,179,232)(H,180,233)(H,182,235)(H,183,218)(H,184,219)(H,185,220)(H,186,247)(H,187,229)(H,188,237)(H,189,242)(H,190,239)(H,191,254)(H,192,248)(H,193,249)(H,194,250)(H,195,252)(H,196,244)(H,197,243)(H,198,251)(H,199,256)(H,200,230)(H,201,253)(H,202,236)(H,203,238)(H,204,240)(H,205,241)(H,206,245)(H,207,255)(H,208,246)(H,209,257)(H,222,223)(H,224,225)(H,226,227)(H4,166,167,173)(H4,168,169,174)(H4,170,171,175)/t78-,79+,80+,85-,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,123-,124-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(1R,4R,5aR,8aS,9R,12S,17aS,18S,20aS,21R,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42S,45S,48S,51S,54R,59R,62S,65S,74S,77R,80S,86S,92S)-51,80,92-tris(4-aminobutyl)-5a-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]-9-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-39,62-bis(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-24-benzyl-48,86-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-20a,33-bis(carboxymethyl)-27,30-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-74-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-36-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-45-methyl-8a-(2-methylpropyl)-12,42-bis(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-a,3,7a,10,10a,13,15a,18a,19,21a,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,61,64,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97-tritriacontaoxo-2a,3a,6,7,12a,13a,56,57-octathia-2,6a,9a,11,14,16a,19a,20,22a,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50,53,60,63,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99-tritriacontazahexacyclo[57.41.10.84,54.421,77.014,18.065,69]docosahectan-17a-yl]acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~25.0 mM; with ultrasonication)
H2O: ~5 mg/mL (~1.3 mM; with ultrasonication) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (0.63 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.2503 mL | 1.2513 mL | 2.5027 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0501 mL | 0.2503 mL | 0.5005 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0250 mL | 0.1251 mL | 0.2503 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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