| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
AMPK GLUT4 AICAR
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
MOTS-c suppresses the folate cycle at the 5Me-THF level, which causes AICAR [5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide] to build up. Nucleotide precursors, or NAD+, are likewise increased in cells by MOTS-c[1]. A mitochondrial signal called MOTS-c promotes the absorption of glucose by cells while inhibiting respiration. Rather of being broken down by glycolysis, the glucose that is taken up in response to MOTS-c is directed to the anabolic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which supplies carbon sources for the synthesis of purines. Furthermore, MOTS-c raises the amount of a β-oxidation intermediate, lowers intracellular levels of essential and non-essential fatty acids, and increases carnitine shuttles, which carry activated fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation, all of which point to improved lipid utilization. Myocytes that consistently overexpress MOTS-c also show increased glucose uptake[1].
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| ln Vivo |
In mice given MOTS-c injections, skeletal muscle AMPK is activated and its downstream glucose transporter GLUT4 is elevated. In addition, MOTS-c might function as a possible mitochondrial signal that mediates a mitohormesis response brought on by exercise, promoting physiological adaptation and heightened exercise tolerance[1]. Skeletal muscle and fat seem to be MOTS-c's main target organs. As mice age, their levels of MOTS-c in their skeletal muscle and bloodstream decrease in tandem with the age-dependent emergence of insulin resistance. Age-dependent skeletal muscle insulin resistance is effectively reversed in older rats (12 mo.) by systemic injections that raise MOTS-c levels[1].
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| References |
[1]. Changhan Lee, et al. MOTS-c: A Novel Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Regulating Muscle and Fat Metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Nov;100:182-187.
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| Molecular Formula |
C103H156N28O24S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2234.64
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| Related CAS # |
MOTS-c (human);1627580-64-6
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~6.25 mg/mL (~2.80 mM)
DMSO :~4 mg/mL (~1.79 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4475 mL | 2.2375 mL | 4.4750 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0895 mL | 0.4475 mL | 0.8950 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0447 mL | 0.2237 mL | 0.4475 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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