| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
MOTS-c targets AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) through the AICAR pathway. The peptide promotes the biosynthesis of AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), an endogenous AMP analog, which in turn activates AMPK. AMPK is a key energy sensor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. By activating AMPK, MOTS-c induces cellular and systemic glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity. The peptide also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases, and aging-related metabolic disorders.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, MOTS-c has been shown to induce cellular glucose uptake and improve insulin sensitivity in various cell types. The peptide promotes the biosynthesis of AICAR and activates AMPK. MOTS-c has been studied for its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These in vitro studies demonstrate the peptide's potential for treating metabolic disorders.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, MOTS-c has been shown to prevent diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. The peptide induces systemic glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c has also been studied for its effects on type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases, and aging-related metabolic disorders. The peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier, allowing it to exert central effects. These in vivo studies support the potential of MOTS-c as a therapeutic agent for metabolic and aging-related diseases.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for MOTS-c are not typically performed as it is a peptide that works through intracellular signaling rather than cell surface receptors. However, binding studies with AMPK and other signaling molecules have been conducted. The peptide's effects on AICAR biosynthesis and AMPK activation are measured by ELISA or Western blot. Selectivity is assessed by testing the peptide against other AMPK activators or related pathways.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular studies are conducted using various cell types including muscle cells, adipocytes, and hepatocytes. Cells are treated with MOTS-c at various concentrations (typically μM ranges) for defined time periods. Glucose uptake is measured using radioactive or fluorescent glucose analogs. Insulin sensitivity is assessed by measuring insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or signaling. AMPK phosphorylation is measured by Western blot. AICAR levels are measured by LC-MS/MS. Inflammatory markers and oxidative stress are also assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are performed using mouse models of diet-induced obesity (DIO), type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. Animals are administered MOTS-c via intraperitoneal injection or other routes at various doses. Body weight, food intake, and glucose tolerance are monitored. Insulin sensitivity is assessed by insulin tolerance tests or euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Tissue samples are collected for analysis of AMPK activation, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory markers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of MOTS-c include its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The peptide has a molecular weight of 2174.59 g/mol and molecular formula C101H152N28O22S2. It appears as a white to off-white solid powder and has a LogP of -3.9. Storage at -20°C for powder is recommended. The peptide should be protected from moisture and light. The compound is supplied as a TFA salt.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for MOTS-c are derived from preclinical studies. The compound is for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. No significant toxicity has been reported at effective doses in animal studies. The peptide is naturally occurring and generally considered to have low toxicity. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling the peptide. Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
MOTS-c (human) is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) with the sequence Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg. It promotes the biosynthesis of AICAR and activates AMPK, inducing cellular and systemic glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c has been shown to prevent diet-induced obesity in mice and is a potential anti-obesity and anti-aging compound. The peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier and has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. It is used in research on type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, and aging-related diseases. Purity is ≥98%.
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| Molecular Formula |
C101H152N28O22S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2174.59199905396
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| Exact Mass |
2174.111
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| CAS # |
1627580-64-6
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| Related CAS # |
MOTS-c(human) acetate
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| PubChem CID |
146675088
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| Sequence |
H-Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-OH . TFA Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c MOTS3
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| SequenceShortening |
MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-3.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
31
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
29
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
73
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| Heavy Atom Count |
153
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| Complexity |
4510
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
16
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| SMILES |
S(C)CC[C@@H](C(NCC(N[C@@H](CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)C(N[C@@H](CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)C(N1CCC[C@H]1C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)O)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CCCCN)=O)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)=O)=O)NC([C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC([C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC([C@H](CC1=CNC2C=CC=CC1=2)NC([C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC([C@H](CCSC)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
WYTHCOXVWRKRAH-LOKRTKBUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C101H152N28O22S2/c1-7-57(4)83(96(148)126-76(50-58-19-9-8-10-20-58)92(144)127-78(52-60-30-34-63(131)35-31-60)97(149)129-46-18-27-79(129)95(147)122-69(25-16-44-112-100(107)108)86(138)118-67(23-13-14-42-102)87(139)124-74(49-56(2)3)91(143)123-73(98(150)151)26-17-45-113-101(109)110)128-94(146)75(51-59-28-32-62(130)33-29-59)116-81(133)55-115-85(137)72(41-48-153-6)121-90(142)71(37-39-82(134)135)119-89(141)70(36-38-80(104)132)120-93(145)77(53-61-54-114-66-22-12-11-21-64(61)66)125-88(140)68(24-15-43-111-99(105)106)117-84(136)65(103)40-47-152-5/h8-12,19-22,28-35,54,56-57,65,67-79,83,114,130-131H,7,13-18,23-27,36-53,55,102-103H2,1-6H3,(H2,104,132)(H,115,137)(H,116,133)(H,117,136)(H,118,138)(H,119,141)(H,120,145)(H,121,142)(H,122,147)(H,123,143)(H,124,139)(H,125,140)(H,126,148)(H,127,144)(H,128,146)(H,134,135)(H,150,151)(H4,105,106,111)(H4,107,108,112)(H4,109,110,113)/t57-,65-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79-,83-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-4-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-4-carbamimidamido-1-carboxybutyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 100 mg/mL (~46.0 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4599 mL | 2.2993 mL | 4.5986 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0920 mL | 0.4599 mL | 0.9197 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0460 mL | 0.2299 mL | 0.4599 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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