| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
5-HT3 receptor (antagonist)
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
No specific in vitro assays for the deuterated form are provided. The non-deuterated parent compound Palonosetron hydrochloride is a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Deuterium substitution does not alter receptor binding properties but enhances metabolic stability for analytical applications. |
| ln Vivo |
Cellular activity data for the deuterated form are not specifically reported. The non-deuterated Palonosetron inhibits 5-HT3 receptor-mediated ion currents in neuronal cell lines, blocking serotonin-induced calcium influx and subsequent vomiting reflex. It exhibits high affinity and slow dissociation kinetics from the 5-HT3 receptor.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Radioligand binding assays for 5-HT3 receptors are performed using membrane preparations from N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells or rat entorhinal cortex. [3H]-GR65630 or [3H]-LY278584 is used as the radioligand. Test compound is incubated with membranes at varying concentrations. Bound radioligand is separated by filtration and counted by scintillation. Ki values are calculated from competition curves.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell-based functional assays for 5-HT3 antagonism typically use HEK-293 cells expressing human 5-HT3A receptors. Cells are loaded with calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye and treated with serial dilutions of Palonosetron-d3 (or non-deuterated reference). 5-HT (serotonin) is added to activate the receptor, and intracellular calcium increase is measured by fluorescence. Antagonist potency (IC50) is determined.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Palonosetron-d3 are not typically performed as it is primarily an analytical internal standard. Pharmacokinetic studies using the deuterated compound as a tracer involve oral or intravenous administration to rats or dogs, followed by blood and tissue collection at multiple time points. LC-MS/MS analysis quantifies the labeled compound to determine absorption and distribution.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The deuterated form is designed as an analytical internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification of Palonosetron in biological matrices. It exhibits identical chromatographic retention time as the non-deuterated compound but a distinct mass due to three deuterium atoms. This allows precise and accurate quantification without isotopic interference for pharmacokinetic studies.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
As an analytical standard, Palonosetron-d3 hydrochloride is not intended for therapeutic use and thus toxicology studies are not performed on the labeled compound. The non-deuterated Palonosetron has an established clinical safety profile as an approved antiemetic for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Palonosetron-d3 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard used exclusively for research and bioanalytical applications. The parent drug Palonosetron was first approved by the FDA in 2003 and is marketed under the brand name Aloxi. The deuterated version facilitates accurate quantitation in pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, and metabolic profiling of Palonosetron.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C19H25CLN2O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
335.886089086533
|
| Exact Mass |
335.184
|
| CAS # |
1246816-81-8
|
| Related CAS # |
Palonosetron hydrochloride;135729-62-3
|
| PubChem CID |
71751455
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
456
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
[2H][C@]1(CN2CCC1CC2)N3C(=O)C4=CC=CC5=C4[C@@H](C3([2H])[2H])CCC5.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
OLDRWYVIKMSFFB-RAVRUBKISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H24N2O.ClH/c22-19-16-6-2-4-14-3-1-5-15(18(14)16)11-21(19)17-12-20-9-7-13(17)8-10-20;/h2,4,6,13,15,17H,1,3,5,7-12H2;1H/t15-,17-;/m1./s1/i11D2,17D;
|
| Chemical Name |
(3aS)-3,3-dideuterio-2-[(3S)-3-deuterio-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[de]isoquinolin-1-one;hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9772 mL | 14.8858 mL | 29.7717 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5954 mL | 2.9772 mL | 5.9543 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2977 mL | 1.4886 mL | 2.9772 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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