| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human 5-HT2A Receptor 0.7 nM (Ki) Human 5-HT2C Receptor 2.4 nM (Ki) human 5-HT2B Receptor 20 nM (Ki)
5-HT2A receptor (agonist, Ki = 0.7 nM for human 5-HT2A); 5-HT2C receptor (agonist, Ki = 2.4 nM); 5-HT2B receptor (agonist, Ki = 20 nM). |
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| ln Vitro |
The application of DOI hydrochloride (10 μM) for 45 minutes results in a significant increase in adhesion; 99% of the cells maintain their adherence, while only 42% of untreated Hu2AAB1 cells do so[5].
In radioligand binding assays, DOI hydrochloride is a serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist/activator with Kis of 0.7 nM, 2.4 nM, and 20 nM for human 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT2B receptors, respectively. It is a potent partial agonist at 5-HT2A receptors, evoking robust activation of Gq-mediated phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. |
| ln Vivo |
In Wild type (WT) ICR (CD-1) KO mice, DOI hydrochloride (0.3-10 mg/kg; ip; single dose) increases mean head twitches at 3 mg/kg. While a greater dose of 10 mg/kg results in increased variability along with a substantial increase in mean head twitches, lower doses cause non-significant increases in head twitches[3]. In male Wistar rats weighing 350–400 g, DOI (0.35–0.7 mmol/kg; sc) dramatically reduces the amount of REM episodes, slow wave sleep, and REM sleep. It also increases waking and light sleep[4].
DOI hydrochloride reduces rapid eye movement (REM) and slow-wave sleep and increases waking in the rat, characteristic of a hallucinogenic agent. It increases head-twitch response in mice, a classic behavioral correlate of 5-HT2A activation and hallucinogenic potential. It is widely used in rodent models to study the neurobiological basis of psychedelic-induced altered states. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Standard radioligand binding assays for 5-HT2A receptors are performed using membrane preparations from CHO or HEK-293 cells stably expressing human 5-HT2A receptors. [3H]-Ketanserin (a selective 5-HT2A antagonist, 1-2 nM) is used as the radioligand. Test compound (DOI hydrochloride) is incubated with membranes at varying concentrations (10-¹¹ to 10-⁵ M) for 60 minutes at 37degC. Nonspecific binding is determined in the presence of 10 uM methysergide or 10 uM DOI itself. Bound radioligand is separated by vacuum filtration through glass fiber filters presoaked in 0.5% polyethylenimine (PEI) and counted by liquid scintillation. Ki values (0.7 nM for 5-HT2A) are calculated from competition curves using the Cheng-Prusoff equation. For 5-HT2C and 5-HT2B receptors, similar protocols are used with [3H]-Mesulergine or [3H]-5-HT as radioligands.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based functional assays for 5-HT2A agonism are performed using HEK-293 or CHO cells stably expressing human 5-HT2A receptors. The 5-HT2A receptor is Gq-coupled, activating phospholipase C (PLC) leading to inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production and intracellular calcium mobilization. For calcium flux assays, cells are seeded in black-walled 96-well plates and loaded with a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye (e.g., Fluo-4 AM, 2-5 uM) in assay buffer (HBSS with 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 2.5 mM probenecid). After 30-60 minutes loading and washing, cells are treated with serial dilutions of DOI hydrochloride (10-¹¹ to 10-⁵ M), and fluorescence increase (ex 488 nm, em 525 nm) is measured in real-time using a plate reader (e.g., FLIPR, FlexStation). For IP1 accumulation assays (a more direct measure of PLC activity), cells are treated with LiCl (10-50 mM, which inhibits inositol monophosphatase, leading to accumulation of IP1), followed by agonist stimulation for 1 hour. The resulting IP1 is quantified by HTRF (Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence, Cisbio IP-One kit). pEC50 and EC50 values are calculated from concentration-response curves. DOI typically shows potent agonism at 5-HT2A with EC50 in the low nanomolar range (e.g., ~1-10 nM).
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are typically conducted in rodents (male C57BL/6 mice or Sprague-Dawley rats, 6-12 weeks old). DOI hydrochloride is dissolved in sterile saline and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses ranging from 0.1 to 5 mg/kg (typical dose 1-2.5 mg/kg) in a volume of 5-10 mL/kg. The primary behavioral outcome in mice is the head-twitch response (HTR), a rapid, paroxysmal rotational movement of the head that is a specific behavioral proxy for 5-HT2A activation. For HTR quantification, mice are placed in individual clear plexiglass cylinders immediately after DOI injection. Head twitches are counted for 10-30 minutes (typically 10 or 20 minutes) by an observer blind to treatment, or by automated motion capture systems. The number of head twitches is recorded and compared to vehicle controls. Antagonism studies with selective 5-HT2A antagonists (e.g., M100907, 0.1-1 mg/kg) confirm receptor specificity. In rats, DOI induces the wet-dog shake response, ear-scratching, and reduces REM sleep. Pharmacodynamic parameters include latency to first response, total number of head twitches, and duration of effect. The maximal response typically occurs 5-15 minutes post-injection and subsides within 60-90 minutes.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DOI hydrochloride is not a therapeutic agent and has no approved clinical indications. It is a research chemical classified as a hallucinogen (psychedelic) in the substituted amphetamine class. The compound is used exclusively in laboratory research to investigate 5-HT2A receptor signaling and the neural basis of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity and consciousness. Its safety profile in humans is well-documented from illicit use studies, but human use is not approved.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Common acute psychoactive effects include visual and auditory hallucinations, altered perception of time and self, mystical-type experiences, and emotional changes. Physiologically, it can cause increased heart rate and blood pressure. No safety or toxicity data are provided because it is not intended for clinical use. Standard laboratory safety precautions must be strictly observed due to its potent psychoactive properties.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H17CLINO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
357.62
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| Exact Mass |
356.999
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| CAS # |
42203-78-1
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| PubChem CID |
170617
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| Appearance |
Off-white to yellow solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
361.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
172.5ºC
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| LogP |
3.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
191
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(CC1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)I)OC)N.Cl
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| InChi Key |
QVFDMWGKHUFODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H16INO2.ClH/c1-7(13)4-8-5-11(15-3)9(12)6-10(8)14-2;/h5-7H,4,13H2,1-3H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 25 mg/mL (69.91 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7963 mL | 13.9813 mL | 27.9626 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5593 mL | 2.7963 mL | 5.5925 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2796 mL | 1.3981 mL | 2.7963 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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