| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(R)-DOI hydrochloride primarily targets the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, with significant activity at the 5-HT2C receptor as well. It acts as a potent agonist at both receptors, activating Gq/11-protein signaling pathways leading to phospholipase C activation, IP3 production, and intracellular calcium release. The compound also exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and lysosomal function-enhancing effects. It is used in research on inflammation and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. 5-HT2B receptor activation is also noted.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, (R)-DOI hydrochloride demonstrates potent agonist activity at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors with high selectivity over other serotonin receptor subtypes. It activates Gq/11-mediated signaling pathways, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels measured in fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assays using cells expressing recombinant human 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors. The compound exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in cultured microglia and neuronal cells by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. It also demonstrates anti-oxidative stress activity and enhances lysosomal function in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, intracerebroventricular infusion of (R)-DOI hydrochloride in turkeys significantly increases plasma prolactin (PRL) levels by 40% at 5 minutes post-infusion, peaking at 20 minutes. The compound also activates hypothalamic dopaminergic (TH-positive) neurons (POM: 9.2%, PMM: 44.6%, ML: 28.6%) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-positive) neurons (13.2%), as indicated by c-fos mRNA expression co-localization, suggesting its role in prolactin regulation via neuronal activation. The compound is orally active and produces hallucinogenic effects in animal models as measured by head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents, a classic behavioral correlate of 5-HT2A activation in humans.
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| Enzyme Assay |
No specific enzyme/receptor binding protocols have been established for (R)-DOI hydrochloride as it is a receptor agonist rather than an enzyme inhibitor. Standard radioligand binding assays for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors involve incubating membrane preparations from cells expressing the receptors with [3H]ketanserin (5-HT2A) or [3H]mesulergine (5-HT2C) and varying concentrations of (R)-DOI hydrochloride. Non-specific binding is determined using excess 5-HT or spiperone. Samples are incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes, then filtered and counted by liquid scintillation. Ki values are calculated by nonlinear regression. For functional assays, cell-based calcium flux assays using fluorescent calcium indicators (e.g., Fluo-4) are used.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular protocols for (R)-DOI hydrochloride involve culturing HEK293 cells stably expressing recombinant human 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors in DMEM with 10% FBS. For calcium flux assays, cells are seeded in 96-well black-wall clear-bottom plates at 50,000 cells/well and incubated overnight. Cells are loaded with Fluo-4-AM (2-5 microM) in HBSS buffer containing probenecid for 60 minutes at 37degC. (R)-DOI hydrochloride is added at varying concentrations (0.1 nM to 10 microM), and fluorescence is measured using a FLIPR or plate reader (excitation 485 nm, emission 525 nm). For microglia/neuron co-culture experiments, cells are treated with (R)-DOI hydrochloride (10 nM to 1 microM) prior to LPS stimulation, and cytokine levels in supernatants are measured by ELISA. All experiments are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal protocols for (R)-DOI hydrochloride involve adult male rodents (mice or rats). For head-twitch response (HTR) assays, mice are placed in individual testing chambers and allowed to habituate for 30 minutes. (R)-DOI hydrochloride is administered intraperitoneally or orally at doses of 0.1-3 mg/kg. Head twitches are counted by an observer blind to treatment for 20-30 minutes post-injection. For prolactin studies in turkeys, the compound is administered via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion at 10-50 microg. Blood samples are collected at various time points (0, 5, 15, 30, 60 minutes). Plasma prolactin levels are measured by radioimmunoassay. For c-fos activation studies, brains are harvested 60-90 minutes post-treatment and processed for immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. All procedures are approved by institutional animal care committees.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No direct pharmacokinetic studies have been published for (R)-DOI hydrochloride. Computed properties include molecular formula C11H17ClINO2, molecular weight 357.62 g/mol, and predicted logP of approximately 2.0-2.5, suggesting moderate lipophilicity. The compound is orally active and crosses the blood-brain barrier, indicating favorable absorption and distribution properties. Its half-life in rodents is expected to be in the range of 1-3 hours based on related amphetamine derivatives, but no specific PK parameters are reported. The compound is soluble in DMSO and may be formulated for injection.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
According to safety data, (R)-DOI hydrochloride is a potent hallucinogenic compound and should be handled with extreme caution. It is a controlled substance in many jurisdictions. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed: wear protective gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat. Work in a well-ventilated fume hood. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes. The compound should be stored as a powder at -20degC for up to 3 years or at 4degC for 2 years. In solution, store at -80degC for 6 months or -20degC for 1 month. This product is for research use only and strictly not for human consumption. Appropriate institutional approvals for handling controlled substances are required.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(R)(-)-DOI hydrochloride is an organic molecular entity. It is a serotonergic agonist.
(R)-DOI hydrochloride is a potent and selective 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonist used in neuroscience research to study serotonin receptor function, signal transduction, and the mechanisms underlying hallucinogenic effects. It is the (R)-enantiomer of DOI and exhibits higher potency than the racemate. The compound has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and lysosomal function-enhancing effects in cellular models, and is being explored for potential therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and is orally active. No clinical trial data is available; this compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapy. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H17CLINO2
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| Molecular Weight |
357.62
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| Exact Mass |
356.999
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| CAS # |
82864-02-6
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| Related CAS # |
DOI hydrochloride; 42203-78-1
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| PubChem CID |
11957541
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
191
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C[C@H](CC1=CC(=C(C=C1OC)I)OC)N.Cl
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| InChi Key |
QVFDMWGKHUFODK-OGFXRTJISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H16INO2.ClH/c1-7(13)4-8-5-11(15-3)9(12)6-10(8)14-2;/h5-7H,4,13H2,1-3H3;1H/t7-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7963 mL | 13.9813 mL | 27.9626 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5593 mL | 2.7963 mL | 5.5925 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2796 mL | 1.3981 mL | 2.7963 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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