| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
mGluR1 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1).
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| ln Vitro |
(S)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine acts as a potent agonist at mGluR1. Its selectivity for mGluR1 over other mGluR subtypes, such as mGluR2 and mGluR4, makes it a valuable tool for specifically activating mGluR1-mediated signaling without confounding effects from other receptors. This selectivity is critical for dissecting the unique physiological roles of mGluR1.
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| ln Vivo |
As an mGluR1 agonist, (S)-3HPG is used to study the in vivo effects of activating this receptor. Its administration can help elucidate the role of mGluR1 in various neurological processes, including motor control, pain perception, and cognition. Its effects are typically studied in rodent models following direct CNS administration.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays are performed to determine the affinity and selectivity of (S)-3HPG for mGluR1. Radioligand binding studies using membrane preparations from cells expressing the receptor are conducted. The compound's ability to displace a specific radiolabeled ligand from mGluR1 is measured to calculate its binding affinity.
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| Cell Assay |
Cells expressing recombinant mGluR1 are treated with (S)-3HPG, and receptor activation is measured by assessing downstream signaling events such as phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis or calcium mobilization. The concentration-response curve is generated to determine the compound's potency (EC50) at mGluR1. Its lack of effect at mGluR2 and mGluR4 is confirmed in parallel assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies are conducted in rodent models to investigate the role of mGluR1 in behavior and physiology. Due to its polar nature, (S)-3HPG is often administered directly into the brain via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or local brain injection. Its effects on motor function, nociception, and learning and memory are evaluated to understand mGluR1 function.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No detailed pharmacokinetic data are publicly available for (S)-3HPG. As a polar amino acid derivative, it is unlikely to have favorable oral bioavailability or significant blood-brain barrier penetration. For research purposes, it is typically administered via parenteral routes, and its disposition in the brain is a key consideration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are publicly available. As a selective mGluR1 agonist, its potential toxicity would be related to overstimulation of mGluR1, which could lead to excitotoxicity or other CNS-related side effects. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this research compound.
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| References |
[1]. Y Hayashi, et al. Analysis of agonist and antagonist activities of phenylglycine derivatives for different cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. J Neurosci. 1994 May;14(5 Pt 2):3370-7.
[2]. Birse EF, et al. Phenylglycine derivatives as new pharmacological tools for investigating the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. Neuroscience. 1993 Feb;52(3):481-8. |
| Additional Infomation |
(S)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine is a valuable tool for studying mGluR1 function due to its potent and selective agonist activity. Its lack of activity at mGluR2 and mGluR4 allows for specific interrogation of mGluR1-mediated pathways. It is not approved for clinical use and is exclusively for preclinical research. It is often compared with (RS)-3HPG, which is less selective.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H9NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
167.16
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| Exact Mass |
167.058
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| CAS # |
71301-82-1
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| Related CAS # |
(Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine;31932-87-3
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| PubChem CID |
6604712
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
382.6±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
185.2±25.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.633
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| LogP |
0.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
172
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
DQLYTFPAEVJTFM-ZETCQYMHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H9NO3/c9-7(8(11)12)5-2-1-3-6(10)4-5/h1-4,7,10H,9H2,(H,11,12)/t7-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.9823 mL | 29.9115 mL | 59.8229 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1965 mL | 5.9823 mL | 11.9646 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5982 mL | 2.9911 mL | 5.9823 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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