| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
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| Targets |
The primary molecular target of (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine is the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1). The S-enantiomer is a potent and selective agonist of mGluR1. The compound also acts as a phosphoinositide hydrolysis agonist, indicating that it activates PI-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors. These receptors are involved in various neurological processes including synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies of (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine demonstrate its activity as a phosphoinositide hydrolysis agonist. The S-enantiomer acts as a potent, selective agonist of mGluR1. The compound's activity is assessed through its ability to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cells expressing mGluR1. These in vitro activities make it a valuable tool for studying metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling and function.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine are limited. As an mGluR1 agonist, it may have effects on neurological processes in vivo. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and various neurological disorders. However, specific in vivo studies using this compound have not been detailed in the available literature. Further research is needed to evaluate its in vivo efficacy and safety.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Typical in vitro assays for mGluR1 agonists involve measuring phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cells expressing the receptor. Cells are pre-labeled with [³H]-myoinositol, treated with the compound at various concentrations, and the accumulation of [³H]-inositol phosphates is measured after separation by anion exchange chromatography. EC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. Calcium mobilization assays using fluorescent indicators such as Fura-2 can also be used to assess mGluR1 activation.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine typically involve cell lines expressing mGluR1 (e.g., CHO cells or HEK293 cells transfected with mGluR1). Cells are treated with the compound at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 100 µM for 30-60 minutes. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis is measured by [³H]-inositol phosphate accumulation. Intracellular calcium levels are measured using Fura-2 or Fluo-4. The selectivity of the compound for mGluR1 over other mGluR subtypes can be assessed using cells expressing different mGluR subtypes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine are not detailed in the available literature. For mGluR1 agonist studies, typical animal models include those for pain, anxiety, or motor disorders. The compound would be administered centrally (intracerebroventricularly) or systemically, and behavioral and physiological effects would be assessed. However, such studies have not been reported for this specific compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine are limited. As a small amino acid derivative with a molecular weight of 167.16 g/mol, it would be expected to have reasonable bioavailability. However, the compound's zwitterionic nature may limit its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Detailed PK parameters are not available in the consulted sources. Further studies are needed to characterize its ADME properties.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for (Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine are limited. As a research compound, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for human use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. No significant toxicity has been reported.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(Rac)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine (3HPG) is a racemic mixture of S- and R-enantiomers. The S-enantiomer is a potent, selective mGluR1 agonist. The compound is a phosphoinositide hydrolysis agonist and is used in research on metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling and function. It is a research compound and is not approved for any clinical indication.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H9NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
167.16
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| Exact Mass |
167.058
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| CAS # |
31932-87-3
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| Related CAS # |
(S)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine;71301-82-1
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| PubChem CID |
1217
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
382.6±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
185.2±25.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.633
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| LogP |
0.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
172
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OC1=CC=CC(=C1)C(C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
DQLYTFPAEVJTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H9NO3/c9-7(8(11)12)5-2-1-3-6(10)4-5/h1-4,7,10H,9H2,(H,11,12)
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.9823 mL | 29.9115 mL | 59.8229 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1965 mL | 5.9823 mL | 11.9646 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5982 mL | 2.9911 mL | 5.9823 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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