| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP); microbial targets; immune cells. Chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride is a short-chain chitin oligomer of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that activates the AM fungus-dependent conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinomycete plant species. It is also studied for its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities.
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| ln Vitro |
Chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride activates the AM fungus-dependent conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinomycete plant species. It is studied for its antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. It serves as a substrate for chitosanase in enzymatic activity assays. Its defined structure allows detailed investigations into glycan-protein interactions and cellular uptake mechanisms.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride activates the conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinorhizal plant species, promoting symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. It is studied for its potential applications in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and biomaterials science. Its immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities suggest potential benefits in infection and immune-related conditions.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride include enzymatic activity assays where it serves as a substrate for chitosanase. The compound's ability to activate the conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) can be assessed using biochemical assays measuring downstream signaling components. Standard analytical methods including HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry are used for compound characterization and purity assessment.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride use various cell lines to assess its antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated with the compound and growth inhibition is measured. For immunomodulatory studies, immune cells are treated with the compound and cytokine production or proliferation is assessed. Plant cell models are used to study CSSP activation.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride are conducted in plant models to study its role in activating the conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinorhizal plant species. The compound is applied to plants, and symbiotic responses, root nodulation, and gene expression are assessed. In animal models, its immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities can be evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride has a molecular formula of C₂₄H₅₀Cl₄N₄O₁₇ and a molecular weight of 808.48 g/mol. It is soluble in water (50 mg/mL, 61.84 mM). Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years or 4°C for 2 years; in solvent at -80°C for 6 months or -20°C for 1 month. Purity is ≥98%. It appears as a white to light yellow solid powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride are limited. As a chitin oligomer, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. It exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, indicating biological activity at certain concentrations. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound. It is intended for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Chitotetraose tetrahydrochloride (chitosan tetramer) is a tetrameric oligosaccharide consisting of four β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine units, typically obtained from the partial hydrolysis of chitosan. It is a short-chain chitin oligomer of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that activates the conserved symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP) in actinorhizal plant species. It is studied for its antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities and serves as a substrate for chitosanase. It is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C24H50CL4N4O17
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| Molecular Weight |
808.48
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| Exact Mass |
806.192
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| CAS # |
117399-50-5
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| Related CAS # |
Chitopentaose pentahydrochloride;117467-64-8;Chitobiose dihydrochloride;115350-24-8;Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride;127171-88-4;Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride;127171-89-5;Chitotriose trihydrochloride;117436-78-9
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 50 mg/mL (61.84 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2369 mL | 6.1844 mL | 12.3689 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2474 mL | 1.2369 mL | 2.4738 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1237 mL | 0.6184 mL | 1.2369 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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