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| Targets |
7-Methylguanosine targets the cellular machinery involved in mRNA metabolism. It is a naturally occurring modified nucleoside that is recognized by specific cap-binding proteins (CBP), such as the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). By binding to eIF4E, the 7-methylguanosine cap facilitates the recruitment of the ribosome to the 5' end of the mRNA, which is essential for efficient translation initiation. It also protects the mRNA from degradation by 5' exonucleases. As an isolated nucleoside, it is used to study these interactions and to screen for inhibitors of cap-dependent translation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 7-Methylguanosine iodide is used in biochemical assays to study RNA cap recognition. A typical activity assay: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be used to measure the binding affinity of 7-methylguanosine to purified eIF4E protein. The 7-methylguanosine is immobilized on a sensor chip, and increasing concentrations of eIF4E are flowed over the surface. The binding response (RU) is measured in real-time, and the kinetic parameters (ka, kd) and affinity constant (KD) are calculated. Alternatively, a fluorescence polarization (FP) competition assay can be performed: a fluorescently labeled cap analog (e.g., FAM-GTP) is incubated with eIF4E, and 7-methylguanosine is added as a competitor to displace it, causing a change in polarization.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 7-Methylguanosine itself is not typically administered as a drug. However, its presence as the mRNA cap is essential for cell viability. By injecting it into cells or organisms, researchers can study its impact on translation. For instance, in microinjection experiments with Xenopus laevis oocytes, the injection of an excess of 7-methylguanosine can competitively inhibit cap-binding proteins, leading to a reduction in protein synthesis. This is a classic experiment to demonstrate the necessity of the cap for mRNA translation. Its role in stabilizing RNA and regulating translation makes it crucial in vivo.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme/receptor binding assays, 7-Methylguanosine iodide is used to measure its interaction with cap-binding proteins. A typical protocol: Prepare a solution of the compound in PBS (pH 7.4) or suitable buffer. For a filter-binding assay, radio-labeled 7-methylguanosine is incubated with a cell lysate containing eIF4E. The reaction mixture is then passed through a nitrocellulose filter that retains the protein-bound radioactivity. Unbound compound is washed away. The retained radioactivity is measured by scintillation counting. The amount of bound radioactivity indicates the binding affinity to the protein. Non-specific binding is determined by adding an excess of unlabeled 7-methylguanosine.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell assays, 7-Methylguanosine iodide is used to study RNA metabolism and translation. A typical protocol: HeLa or HEK293T cells are seeded in 6-well plates. The compound is dissolved in sterile water or PBS to a stock concentration (e.g., 10 mM). Cells are treated with 7-methylguanosine iodide at concentrations ranging from 10-500 uM for 1-24 hours. To measure translation efficiency, cells can be pulse-labeled with [35S]-methionine or analyzed by polysome profiling. Alternatively, a reporter gene assay (e.g., luciferase) with and without a cap structure can be used. Cell viability can be assessed by MTT assay to ensure the concentration is not overtly cytotoxic. The compound can also be transfected into cells to deliver synthetic capped RNAs.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, 7-Methylguanosine iodide is not a standard therapeutic drug, but it can be used in research. A typical protocol: Mice (e.g., C57BL/6) are injected intraperitoneally (IP) or intravenously (IV) with the compound (e.g., 10-50 mg/kg). The compound is usually dissolved in saline. Blood and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney) are collected at various time points post-injection (e.g., 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 hours). The concentration of 7-methylguanosine in these samples is measured by LC-MS/MS to determine its tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics. This is rarely done, however, as it is primarily a molecular tool. No animal efficacy studies are conducted.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics: As a modified nucleoside, 7-Methylguanosine is likely absorbed to some extent after oral or IP administration. It is soluble in water. It may be metabolized by cellular enzymes (e.g., phosphorylases) or excreted renally. Specific PK parameters (e.g., Tmax, Cmax, t½, Vd) are not generally reported for this compound, as it is an analytical standard and not a drug candidate. Its primary use is in vitro as a reference material. If used in vivo, it would likely be cleared rapidly. It is poorly lipid-soluble and highly polar, leading to low volume of distribution and renal excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity: Specific toxicological data for 7-Methylguanosine iodide is not available. As a naturally occurring modified nucleoside, it is generally non-toxic at the low concentrations used in research (uM range). At high concentrations, it might theoretically interfere with normal mRNA metabolism, leading to cell stress. Standard laboratory safety precautions: avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact. Use PPE (lab coat, gloves, safety goggles). Not for human use. Waste disposal: follow local regulations. It is classified as a biochemical reagent, not a hazardous material under normal lab conditions. Storage: Powder: -20degC for 3 years; In solvent: -80degC for 6 months.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Other information: 7-Methylguanosine iodide. CAS: 81100-62-1. Molecular formula: C11H16IN5O5; Molecular weight: 425.18. Appearance: Solid powder. Solubility: May dissolve in DMSO, H2O, Ethanol, or DMF. Storage: Powder: -20degC for 3 years; In solvent: -80degC for 6 months. Shipping: room temperature. For research use only-not for human use. Pathway: Epigenetics; RNA cap metabolism.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H16IN5O5
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| Molecular Weight |
425.18
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| Exact Mass |
425.02
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| CAS # |
81100-62-1
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| Related CAS # |
7-Methylguanosine; 7-Methylguanosine iodide
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| PubChem CID |
163201068
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
474
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
CN1C=[N+](C2=C1C(=O)NC(=N2)N)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O.[I-]
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| InChi Key |
RGECGKJSJICJIL-MCDZGGTQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H15N5O5.HI/c1-15-3-16(8-5(15)9(20)14-11(12)13-8)10-7(19)6(18)4(2-17)21-10;/h3-4,6-7,10,17-19H,2H2,1H3,(H2-,12,13,14,20);1H/t4-,6-,7-,10-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-methyl-1H-purin-9-ium-6-one iodide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3519 mL | 11.7597 mL | 23.5195 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4704 mL | 2.3519 mL | 4.7039 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2352 mL | 1.1760 mL | 2.3519 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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