| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(+/-)-Byakangelicol has been identified as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and activity. COX-2 is a key enzyme in the inflammatory pathway that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major mediator of inflammation, fever, and pain. By inhibiting COX-2, ( +/-)-Byakangelicol exerts anti-inflammatory effects. It is not a classical receptor-targeted drug but an inhibitor of a crucial inflammatory enzyme. Its mechanism is similar to that of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ( +/-)-Byakangelicol has been shown to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity. In cell culture models, it effectively inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). This effect is primarily mediated by the suppression of the expression and catalytic activity of the COX-2 enzyme. It acts by inhibiting the NF-kappaB pathway, which is a master regulator of the inflammatory response. It has also been shown to have low direct cytotoxicity in these models at its effective concentrations.
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| ln Vivo |
The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of ( +/-)-Byakangelicol is assumed based on its mechanism of action as a COX-2 inhibitor. While specific published in vivo studies for this exact racemic mixture may be limited, it is expected to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects in standard animal models of inflammation, similar to other furanocoumarins. Its activity is thought to be comparable to other COX-2 inhibitors. It is a research compound and has not been developed as a drug.
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| Enzyme Assay |
General in vitro COX-2 inhibition assay: A549 or other cells are seeded in a 6-well plate. After reaching confluency, cells are pre-treated with ( +/-)-Byakangelicol (0.1-10 uM) for 1 hour, then stimulated with IL-1beta (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours. The cell culture supernatant is collected, and the concentration of PGE2 is measured using a commercial competitive ELISA kit. ( +/-)-Byakangelicol will cause a concentration-dependent decrease in PGE2 levels. Cell lysates can be analyzed by Western blot to confirm a reduction in COX-2 protein levels. Cytotoxicity can be assessed in parallel by an MTT assay on separate wells.
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| Cell Assay |
General in vitro cell viability assay: Seed A549 or RAW 264.7 cells in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well). Treat with ( +/-)-Byakangelicol (1-200 uM) for 48 hours. Assess viability via a standard MTT assay. The compound will show an IC50 > 100 uM, indicating low to moderate cytotoxicity. For a mechanistic study, treat cells with ( +/-)-Byakangelicol for 1 hour and then with IL-1beta for 15 min. Harvest cells and perform a Western blot for the NF-kappaB pathway proteins (e.g., p-IkappaB, p-p65). The compound will inhibit the phosphorylation of these proteins.
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| Animal Protocol |
General in vivo animal protocol for impurity qualification: As a natural product standard, in vivo studies are not routinely performed. If it were to be an impurity in a drug product, its qualification would follow ICH guidelines. The compound would be administered to rats (n=10/sex/group) by oral gavage at 0, 10, 30, 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. A NOAEL would be determined based on clinical signs, body weight, organ weights, serum chemistry, and histopathology. Based on its mechanism, prolonged high exposure could cause renal or GI effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(+/-)-Byakangelicol is a moderately lipophilic small molecule (MW 316.31). It is expected to be well absorbed orally. It would likely be extensively metabolized by phase I (CYP450) and phase II (glucuronidation) enzymes in the liver, and its metabolites would be excreted in the urine and bile. Its plasma half-life is estimated to be a few hours. As a research standard, detailed PK/ADME data are not a primary focus.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No formal toxicology studies have been published for this specific compound. Based on its activity as a COX-2 inhibitor, long-term use could be associated with similar side effects as other coxibs, but as a research standard, it is not expected to be used chronically. It is not considered a genotoxic impurity. For use as a reference standard, it is considered a standard laboratory chemical. Routine control at 0.15% is acceptable for a non-genotoxic impurity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Appearance: White to off-white solid. Molecular formula: C1₇H1₆O₆. Storage: -20degC. Solubility: Soluble in DMSO and ethanol. Other names: Byakangelicol, 9-[(3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxiranyl)methoxy]-4-methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one. Safety: For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H16O6
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| Molecular Weight |
316.31
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| CAS # |
61046-59-1
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| Related CAS # |
Byakangelicol; 26091-79-2
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1615 mL | 15.8073 mL | 31.6146 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6323 mL | 3.1615 mL | 6.3229 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3161 mL | 1.5807 mL | 3.1615 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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