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| Targets |
PIPES is a buffer and has no direct biological target. It functions by maintaining a stable pH in aqueous solutions, preventing acid-base changes that could disrupt biological processes. The piperazine ring and sulfonate groups provide buffering capacity near physiological pH. PIPES is known to have minimal metal ion binding affinity, making it suitable for studies involving divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+). It does not interact with biological receptors or enzymes in a pharmacological manner.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, PIPES is used as a buffer in cell culture media (e.g., for maintaining pH during live-cell imaging), in protein purification, and in enzyme assays where pH stability is critical. It has low UV absorbance (260 nm, 280 nm), making it suitable for spectrophotometric assays. The compound is not cytotoxic at concentrations used in cell culture (10-50 mM). It is a standard buffer component in many biochemical kits.
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| ln Vivo |
Not applicable. PIPES is not intended for in vivo use as a drug. It is a buffer reagent. It is used in cell culture and in vitro experiments, but it is not administered to animals. No therapeutic in vivo activity is reported. It is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical formulations for pH adjustment, but it is not an active ingredient.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable. PIPES monosodium is a buffer, not a standard enzyme inhibitor. Its purity (>98%) is assessed by titration or HPLC. Physicochemical properties: MW 324.35, white crystalline powder, soluble in water (50-100 mg/mL), pKa 6.8 (25degC). The buffer capacity is measured by titrating a solution of PIPES (0.1 M) with HCl or NaOH and monitoring the pH. The effective pH range is 6.1-7.5. No biological assays are applicable.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. PIPES is not used in standard cell-based assays for drug discovery. For toxicity screening, HepG2 or HEK293 cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1×10⁴ cells/well) and treated with PIPES (1-100 mM) for 24-72 h. Cell viability is measured by MTT assay. The CC₅0 is expected to be >50 mM, indicating low cytotoxicity. The compound is a buffer, not a test agent for pharmacological studies. In cell culture, it is used at 10-25 mM without affecting cell viability.
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| Animal Protocol |
PIPES has been used in animal studies as a buffer for intravenous infusions or as a component of organ preservation solutions. For example, in a rat model of liver transplantation, PIPES-containing buffer was used for organ perfusion. However, the compound itself is not a therapeutic agent. No specific in vivo animal protocol for PIPES as a drug exists. It is used as an excipient in parenteral formulations.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
PIPES is not a drug and is not intended for systemic absorption. If administered intravenously, it is rapidly excreted unchanged in urine. It is not metabolized. For research use, it is stored at room temperature in a tightly sealed container, protected from moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
PIPES monosodium is considered safe and non-toxic at the concentrations used for buffering (10-50 mM). The acute oral LD₅0 in rats is >2000 mg/kg. It is a mild skin and eye irritant. It is not mutagenic or carcinogenic. For handling, use PPE (gloves, lab coat, goggles), work in a well-ventilated area, avoid inhalation of dust.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pipes sodium is an organic salt, the monosodium salt of 2,2'-piperazine-1,4-dimethyldiethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), a buffer. It has a buffering effect. It contains 2,2'-piperazine-1,4-dimethyldiethanesulfonic acid.
PIPES monosodium (Piperazine-1,4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) monosodium; CAS# 10010-67-0) is a research-grade Good‘s buffer used in cell culture and biochemistry. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is used as a pH buffer for biological research, protein purification, and electron microscopy. For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications. Purity: ≥98%. Storage: room temperature, sealed, protect from moisture. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H17N2NAO6S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
324.35
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| Exact Mass |
324.043
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| CAS # |
10010-67-0
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| Related CAS # |
PIPES;5625-37-6;PIPES disodium;76836-02-7;PIPES dipotassium;108321-27-3
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| PubChem CID |
23670851
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
300 °C
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| LogP |
0.074
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
447
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(CCN1CCN(CCS(=O)(=O)O)CC1)(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
OGGAIRCLBMGXCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H18N2O6S2.Na/c11-17(12,13)7-5-9-1-2-10(4-3-9)6-8-18(14,15)16;/h1-8H2,(H,11,12,13)(H,14,15,16);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium 2-[4-(2-sulfoethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonate
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| Synonyms |
1,4-Piperazinediethanesulfonic acid monosodium
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~308.31 mM; with ultrasonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0831 mL | 15.4154 mL | 30.8309 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6166 mL | 3.0831 mL | 6.1662 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3083 mL | 1.5415 mL | 3.0831 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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