| Targets |
Calcium 2-oxoglutarate does not have a single defined pharmacological target. It serves as a metabolic intermediate in the Krebs cycle and is a precursor for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. It acts as a reversible tyrosinase inhibitor and has been studied for its effects on bone health, wound healing, and aging-related metabolic pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
In addition to its physiological roles, calcium 2-ketoglutarate also protects against lipid peroxidation, reduces ammonia levels generated in the lungs, and provides overall ammonia detoxification [1]. A precursor for the production of nucleotides and amino acids is calcium 2-oxoglutarate [2].
In vitro, Calcium 2-oxoglutarate acts as a reversible tyrosinase inhibitor. It is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle and a major carbon skeleton for nitrogen assimilation reactions. The compound is used in cell culture media as a nutrient supplement. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Calcium 2-oxoglutarate supplementation has been studied for promoting bone health, connective tissue maintenance, and wound healing. It also shows potential in modulating aging-related metabolic pathways. As a metabolic intermediate, it is involved in energy production and biosynthesis. It is used as a dietary supplement and research compound.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Calcium 2-oxoglutarate typically involve measuring its effects on metabolic pathways. Tyrosinase inhibition is assessed by incubating the compound with tyrosinase and a substrate (e.g., L-DOPA) and measuring the formation of dopachrome spectrophotometrically. Cell culture studies assess its effects on cell proliferation and metabolism.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, cells are cultured in media supplemented with Calcium 2-oxoglutarate at various concentrations. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Metabolic activity is measured by assessing ATP production or oxygen consumption. The compound's effects on cell proliferation and differentiation are evaluated.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Calcium 2-oxoglutarate are conducted in models of bone health, wound healing, and aging. The compound is administered orally in the diet or by gavage. Bone density, wound closure, and metabolic parameters are measured. The compound's effects on aging-related pathways are assessed by measuring markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Calcium 2-oxoglutarate (CAS: 71686-01-6) has a molecular weight of 184.16 g/mol and a molecular formula of C5H4CaO5. IUPAC name: calcium;2-oxopentanedioate. Appearance: solid powder. Purity: ≥98%. Storage: room temperature. The compound is the calcium salt form of 2-oxoglutarate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Calcium 2-oxoglutarate is generally recognized as safe and is used as a dietary supplement. In preclinical studies, it has shown a favorable safety profile. As a metabolic intermediate, it is naturally present in the body. High doses may cause gastrointestinal effects. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Calcium 2-oxoglutarate is the calcium salt form of 2-oxoglutarate, an intermediate in the Krebs cycle. It acts as a reversible tyrosinase inhibitor and is a precursor for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. Supplementation has been studied for promoting bone health, connective tissue maintenance, and wound healing. It has a molecular weight of 184.16 g/mol and a molecular formula of C5H4CaO5. It is not FDA-approved as a drug and is intended for research and supplement use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C₅H₄CAO₅
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
184.16
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| Exact Mass |
183.968
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| CAS # |
71686-01-6
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| Related CAS # |
2-Ketoglutaric acid;328-50-7;2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium;22202-68-2;2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5;161096-83-9;2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C;108395-15-9;2-Ketoglutaric acid-d4;1381759-60-9;2-Ketoglutaric acid-d6;1173021-86-7
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| PubChem CID |
3018235
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
345.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
177ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
160
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
LADYPAWUSNPKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H6O5.Ca/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8;/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);/q;+2/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
calcium;2-oxopentanedioate
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| Synonyms |
Calcium 2oxoglutarate; Calcium 2 oxoglutarate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4301 mL | 27.1503 mL | 54.3006 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0860 mL | 5.4301 mL | 10.8601 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5430 mL | 2.7150 mL | 5.4301 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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