| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 targets the same enzymes and pathways as 2-ketoglutaric acid. As a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, it is involved in the production of ATP or GTP. It also acts as a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase. The 13C-labeled compound is not typically used for pharmacological studies of the target itself, but rather as a tracer for studying metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro activity data for 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 are not typically generated, as the compound is primarily used as a metabolic tracer. The biological activity of 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is expected to be similar to that of 2-ketoglutaric acid, which is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 of 15 mM. However, 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is not typically used for activity assays; its primary use is as a labeled compound for metabolic research. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies using 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 are primarily metabolic in nature. The compound is used as a tracer to study the metabolism and pathways of 2-ketoglutaric acid within biological systems using mass spectrometry or NMR techniques. It is not typically used for efficacy studies, as its primary purpose is analytical and metabolic tracing.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The use of 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 in in vitro experiments is primarily analytical. It is used as a tracer in metabolic studies to track the fate of 2-ketoglutaric acid in biochemical pathways. The compound is added to biological samples, and the incorporation of 13C is measured using mass spectrometry or NMR techniques. This approach allows researchers to study metabolic flux and pathway activity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays are not typically performed with 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5, as the compound is primarily used as a metabolic tracer. If cellular studies were performed, they would be similar to those for 2-ketoglutaric acid, assessing its effects on cellular respiration or tyrosinase inhibition. However, the primary use of 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is in metabolic research, not in cellular activity assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is used in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies in animals. The compound is administered as a tracer, and blood or tissue samples are collected at various time points. The incorporation of 13C is measured by mass spectrometry or NMR. This allows for the tracking of 2-ketoglutaric acid and its metabolites in vivo.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 are similar to those of 2-ketoglutaric acid. As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 151.06, it is well absorbed and distributed. It is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle and is rapidly metabolized. 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is used as a tracer in metabolic studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled compound with a molecular weight of 151.06. It is stable if stored under recommended conditions. As a labeled compound, it is not typically used for toxicology studies; its primary use is analytical and metabolic research. 2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is for research use only and not for human use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5 is the 13C-labeled form of 2-ketoglutaric acid, a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle. It is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 of 15 mM. The 13C-labeled compound is used as a tracer in metabolic research to study the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. It has a molecular weight of 151.06. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been reported.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H6O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
151.061416149139
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| Exact Mass |
151.038
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| CAS # |
161096-83-9
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| Related CAS # |
2-Ketoglutaric acid;328-50-7;2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium;22202-68-2;2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C;108395-15-9;Calcium 2-oxoglutarate;71686-01-6;2-Ketoglutaric acid-d4;1381759-60-9;2-Ketoglutaric acid-d6;1173021-86-7
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| PubChem CID |
131801545
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
171
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O[13C](=O)[13C](=O)[13CH2][13CH2][13C](=O)O
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| InChi Key |
KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-CVMUNTFWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H6O5/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/i1+1,2+1,3+1,4+1,5+1
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| Chemical Name |
2-oxo(1,2,3,4,5-13C5)pentanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (1654.97 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.6199 mL | 33.0994 mL | 66.1989 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3240 mL | 6.6199 mL | 13.2398 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6620 mL | 3.3099 mL | 6.6199 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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