| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite Tyrosinase 15 mM (IC50)
2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium targets the TCA cycle as a metabolic intermediate. It acts as a precursor for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. The compound is also a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 of 15 mM. As a key metabolite, it does not have a specific receptor target but plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism and biosynthesis. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium) has additional physiological properties such as lowering the amount of ammonia produced in the lungs, detoxifying ammonia generally, preventing lipid peroxidation, and providing neuroprotection against cyanide poisoning[1]. serves as a precursor to the production of nucleotides and amino acids[2].
In vitro, 2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium is used as a research tool to study the TCA cycle and cellular metabolism. It acts as a precursor for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. It is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50 = 15 mM). It is used in cell culture media as a supplement to support cellular metabolism and in studies of metabolic disorders and cancer metabolism. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium is a key intermediate in the TCA cycle and plays a central role in energy metabolism. It can be used as a nutritional supplement and in metabolic research. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacological studies are limited. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for studying metabolism and as a supplement in cell culture.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cell-based assays, 2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium can be used as a substrate in enzyme activity assays for TCA cycle enzymes. It is also used as an analytical standard for the identification and quantification of metabolites in biological samples. Its identity and purity are confirmed using techniques such as NMR, HPLC, and mass spectrometry. It is typically supplied with a purity of ≥98%.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, 2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium is added to cell culture media to support cellular metabolism. Cells are cultured in media containing the compound to study its effects on the TCA cycle, energy production, and biosynthesis. It can also be used in studies of tyrosinase inhibition, where cells expressing tyrosinase are treated with the compound and enzyme activity is measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, 2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium can be administered to rodents via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. In models of metabolic disorders, its effects on energy metabolism and the TCA cycle are assessed. In studies of amino acid and nucleotide synthesis, its role as a precursor is evaluated. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific model and desired exposure levels.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium has a molecular weight of 168.08 and a molecular formula of C5H5NaO5. It is typically supplied with a purity of ≥98%. The compound is soluble in water and should be stored according to the manufacturer's recommendations. It is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium has not been extensively reported. As a key intermediate in the TCA cycle, it is naturally present in all living cells and is not considered toxic at physiological concentrations. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for human consumption. Standard safety precautions should be observed when handling the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium, AKG, CAS 22202-68-2) is a key intermediate in the TCA cycle. It acts as a precursor for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides and is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50 = 15 mM). It is used in research on cellular metabolism, the TCA cycle, and metabolic disorders. It is available for research purposes only.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C5H5NAO5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
168.08
|
| Exact Mass |
168.003
|
| CAS # |
22202-68-2
|
| Related CAS # |
2-Ketoglutaric acid;328-50-7;2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C5;161096-83-9;2-Ketoglutaric acid-13C;108395-15-9;Calcium 2-oxoglutarate;71686-01-6;2-Ketoglutaric acid-d4;1381759-60-9;2-Ketoglutaric acid-d6;1173021-86-7
|
| PubChem CID |
23670750
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
176
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
MOTOGHHLNTXPTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H6O5.Na/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8;/h1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
|
| Chemical Name |
sodium;5-hydroxy-2,5-dioxopentanoate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.9495 mL | 29.7477 mL | 59.4955 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1899 mL | 5.9495 mL | 11.8991 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5950 mL | 2.9748 mL | 5.9495 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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