| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Microbial Metabolite; Human Endogenous Metabolite
Zeaxanthin does not have a specific drug target but acts as an antioxidant and blue light filter. It accumulates in the macula of the eye, where it absorbs damaging high-energy blue wavelengths of light and helps protect and maintain healthy cells in the eyes. It also has anti-inflammatory effects in neural tissue. |
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| ln Vitro |
Plant leaves contain lutein and zeaxanthin that are primarily attached to proteins. The xanthophylls are condensed and purified into chromoplasts, which are found dissolved in membranes, in fruits and flower petals. In humans and other higher animals, lipophilic tissues like adipose tissue are where lutein and zeaxanthin accumulate. Lipoproteins formulate these pigments in the blood, most likely in a way that is deeply non-phospholipid-based. While hydrocarbon carotenoids are preferentially concentrated in the LDL fraction, up to 75% of them, lutein and zeaxanthin are equally distributed in the blood's LDL and HDL fractions [3].
Zeaxanthin exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. It has anti-inflammatory effects in neural tissue. The compound filters harmful high-energy blue wavelengths of light and helps protect and maintain healthy cells in the eyes. It is a cofactor and bacterial metabolite. |
| ln Vivo |
Zeaxanthin has been studied in clinical settings for eye health. Lutein and zeaxanthin in neural tissue may have biological effects that include antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and structural actions. They may be protective against eye disease because they absorb damaging blue light that enters the eye. Zeaxanthin is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for Zeaxanthin typically involves measuring its antioxidant activity using methods such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, or FRAP assays. The compound is tested at various concentrations, and the antioxidant capacity is expressed as IC50 or Trolox equivalents. The compound's ability to absorb blue light can also be measured spectrophotometrically.
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| Cell Assay |
The in vitro cellular assay for Zeaxanthin typically involves culturing relevant cell lines (e.g., retinal pigment epithelial cells) in appropriate growth media. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound, and cellular responses such as reactive oxygen species production, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and cell viability are measured. The compound's protective effects against blue light-induced damage are assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Zeaxanthin typically involve the administration of the compound to rodents via oral gavage or dietary supplementation. Parameters such as antioxidant status, inflammatory markers, and retinal health are assessed. The compound's effects on age-related macular degeneration or other eye diseases are evaluated in appropriate animal models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Zeaxanthin has a molecular weight of 568.88 g/mol and a molecular formula of C40H56O2. The IUPAC name is (1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9Z,11Z,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol. It is a yellow crystalline solid.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Zeaxanthin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is well tolerated at typical exposure levels. It has low toxicity and is not associated with significant adverse effects. The compound is available as a dietary supplement and is used in food products as a food dye. High doses may cause carotenodermia (yellowing of the skin).
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid alcohol. It functions as a bacterial metabolite, cofactor, and antioxidant. It is derived from the hydrogenation of β-carotene. Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoid alcohols in nature and participates in the lutein cycle. As a co-isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some microorganisms. It gives many vegetables and other plants their distinctive yellow color, such as peppers, corn, saffron, and goji berries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two main lutein carotenoids in the retina and a major component of the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement to promote eye health and may help prevent age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also used as a food coloring. Zeaxanthin has been reported in red algae (Planktothrix rubescens), Planktothrix agardhii, and other organisms with relevant data. Carotenoids are found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the macula. See also: saffron (partial); corn (partial); goji berries (partial).
Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll that plays a role in the xanthophyll cycle. It is a pigment that gives paprika, corn, saffron, wolfberries, and many other plants and microbes their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin is used for eye health and is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. It is also added as a food dye. The compound is also known by the synonyms all-trans-3R,3'R-Zeaxanthin and Optisharp. |
| Molecular Formula |
C40H56O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
568.8715
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| Exact Mass |
568.428
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 84.45; H, 9.92; O, 5.62
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| CAS # |
144-68-3
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| Related CAS # |
144-68-3
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| PubChem CID |
5280899
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
711.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
203-2050C
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| Flash Point |
273.4±26.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±5.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.585
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| LogP |
11.84
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
42
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| Complexity |
1190
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
O([H])[C@]1([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=C(/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C(/[H])=C(\[H])/C2=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C2(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])O[H])/C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C1([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C40H56O2/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-37-33(5)25-35(41)27-39(37,7)8)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-38-34(6)26-36(42)28-40(38,9)10/h11-24,35-36,41-42H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+/t35-,36-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
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| Synonyms |
beta-Carotene-3,3'-diol; Xanthophyll 3; Zeaxanthin; Zeaxanthol; Anchovyxanthin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
THF: ≥ 10 mg/mL (~17.6 mM)
DMSO: < 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7579 mL | 8.7894 mL | 17.5787 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3516 mL | 1.7579 mL | 3.5157 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1758 mL | 0.8789 mL | 1.7579 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT05232409 | Recruiting | Biological: Zeaxanthin Combination Product: Zeaxanthin Plus Pembrolizumab |
Cancer Metastatic Metastatic Solid Tumor |
Valley Health System | April 17, 2022 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00564902 | Completed | Drug: 3R 3'R Zeaxanthin Dietary Supplement: Lutein |
Cognition Disorders Age Related Macular Degeneration |
Chrysantis, Inc. | November 2007 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03750968 | Completed | Drug: Carotenoid Group Dietary Supplement: Control Group |
Nutrient Deficiency Pregnancy Related |
Paul S. Bernstein | September 26, 2019 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00564902 | Completed | Drug: 3R 3'R Zeaxanthin Dietary Supplement: Lutein |
Age Related Macular Degeneration Cognition Disorders |
Paul S. Bernstein | November 2007 | Not Applicable |
| NCT00345176 | Completed | Dietary Supplement: Lutein/ zeaxanthin Dietary Supplement: DHA/EPA |
Cataract Age-related Macular Degeneration |
National Eye Institute (NEI) |
September 2006 | Phase 3 |
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