| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Xanthopterin does not have a single well-defined therapeutic target. It inhibits RNA synthesis, particularly affecting the 45S pre-ribosomal RNA. It inhibits the growth of lymphocytes produced by concanavalin. It may influence nitric oxide synthase activity in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. It causes renal growth and hypertrophy in rats.
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| ln Vitro |
In contrast to the control (IC50=109 mM), xanthopterin (7.8-250 mM; 24 hours) significantly decreased mitochondrial activity [2].
In vitro, xanthopterin inhibits the growth of lymphocytes produced by concanavalin. It inhibits RNA synthesis. Studies suggest that this inhibition might be related to its interference with RNA synthesis, particularly affecting the 45S pre-ribosomal RNA. It may influence nitric oxide synthase activity in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, xanthopterin causes renal growth and hypertrophy in rats when injected. It has been shown to affect cell growth and differentiation. The compound is the main component of yellow granules in Oriental hornet wings, suggesting a biological role in pigmentation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for xanthopterin measure its effects on RNA synthesis. Cells are treated with the compound, and RNA synthesis is measured by incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides. Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation is assessed using concanavalin-stimulated lymphocytes. Nitric oxide synthase activity is measured in RAW264.7 cells.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[2]
Cell Types: MCF-7 Cell Tested Concentrations: 7.8 mM-250 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Experimental Results: diminished mitochondrial activity. In vitro cell-based assays for xanthopterin use lymphocyte cultures to assess inhibition of proliferation. RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells are used to study effects on nitric oxide synthase activity. Cells are treated with serial dilutions of the compound, and cell viability, proliferation, and nitric oxide production are measured. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for xanthopterin include rat studies where the compound is injected to assess renal growth and hypertrophy. Kidney weight and histological changes are evaluated. The compound's effects on cell growth and differentiation are assessed in these models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Xanthopterin has a molecular formula of C₆H₅N₅O₂ and a molecular weight of 179.14 g/mol. It is a yellow, crystalline solid. It produces a characteristic excitation/emission maximum at 386/456 nm. It is the main component of the yellow granules in Oriental hornet wings. The compound is stored under appropriate conditions for research use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for xanthopterin are limited. The compound causes renal growth and hypertrophy in rats. It inhibits RNA synthesis, which may contribute to its biological effects. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for clinical use. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling.
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| References |
[1]. Xanthopterin (XPT), an unconjugated pteridine compound, affects cell growth and differentiation. When injected into rats, XPT has caused changes that have been interpreted as renal growth and hypertrophy.
[2]. Lord JL, et al. Cytotoxicity of xanthopterin and isoxanthopterin in MCF-7 cells. Cancer Lett. 2005 May 10;222(1):119-24. [3]. Plotkin M, et al. Xanthopterin in the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis): light absorbance is increased with maturation of yellow pigment granules. Photochem Photobiol. 2009 Jul-Aug;85(4):955-61. [4]. Ziegler I, et al. Pterins and the regulation of lymphocyte activation on the mode of xanthopterin action. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1984 Jun;365(6):667-73. |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports have indicated the presence of xanthopolin in the Oriental wasp (Vespa orientalis), and relevant data are available for reference.
2-Amino-1,5-dihydro-4,6-pteridinedione. This pigment was first discovered on butterfly wings and is widely distributed in plants and animals. Xanthopterin (XPT) is an unconjugated pteridine compound that is the main component of the yellow granules in the wings of the Oriental hornet. It causes renal growth and hypertrophy in rats and inhibits RNA synthesis. It inhibits the growth of lymphocytes produced by concanavalin and may influence nitric oxide synthase activity. Xanthopterin is also known as Ksantopterin. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H5N5O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
179.14
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| Exact Mass |
179.044
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| CAS # |
119-44-8
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| Related CAS # |
Xanthopterin hydrate;5979-01-1
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| PubChem CID |
135403800
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
2.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
686.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
410ºC
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| Flash Point |
369ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.992
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| LogP |
-3.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
392
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C2=C(N=C([H])C(N2[H])=O)N=C(N([H])[H])N1[H]
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| InChi Key |
VURKRJGMSKJIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H5N5O2/c7-6-10-4-3(5(13)11-6)9-2(12)1-8-4/h1H,(H,9,12)(H3,7,8,10,11,13)
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-3,5-dihydropteridine-4,6-dione
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| Synonyms |
Ksantopterin; Xanthopterin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5822 mL | 27.9111 mL | 55.8223 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1164 mL | 5.5822 mL | 11.1645 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5582 mL | 2.7911 mL | 5.5822 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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