| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
VBIT-12 specifically targets VDAC1, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial function and apoptosis. The compound directly interacts with purified VDAC1 and reduces its channel conductance. By binding to the channel, VBIT-12 prevents VDAC1 oligomerization. When VDAC1 levels are abnormally high, its oligomerization promotes the release of apoptotic factors from mitochondria. VBIT-12 inhibits this pro-apoptotic action, thereby protecting cells from VDAC1-mediated cell death. Under physiological conditions where VDAC1 levels are normal, the compound has no effect, indicating a degree of selectivity for pathological states.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, VBIT-12 has been characterized as a potent VDAC1 inhibitor through various biochemical and cellular assays. The compound directly interacts with purified VDAC1 protein and reduces its channel conductance, as demonstrated in electrophysiological studies. VBIT-12 prevents VDAC1 oligomerization, which is a key step in the pro-apoptotic function of VDAC1 when its expression levels are elevated. Importantly, the compound shows no effect on cells under normal physiological conditions, suggesting that its activity is context-dependent and selective for pathological states characterized by VDAC1 overexpression. The compound's specificity for VDAC1 over other mitochondrial proteins has been confirmed through binding and functional studies.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, VBIT-12 has been studied in animal models of diseases where VDAC1 dysfunction plays a role. The compound's ability to inhibit VDAC1 oligomerization and reduce channel conductance makes it a valuable tool for investigating the role of VDAC1 in various pathological conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. By selectively targeting VDAC1 only when its expression is abnormal， VBIT-12 can help elucidate the contribution of VDAC1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction to disease pathogenesis. The compound's in vivo efficacy and safety profile depend on the specific disease model and dosing regimen. Detailed in vivo studies are described in the primary literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays, VBIT-12 is evaluated using purified VDAC1 protein. Binding affinity is measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), or fluorescence-based binding assays. The compound's ability to reduce VDAC1 channel conductance is assessed using electrophysiological techniques such as planar lipid bilayer recordings or patch-clamp electrophysiology with reconstituted VDAC1 channels. VDAC1 oligomerization assays are performed using crosslinking followed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. These cell-free assays help characterize the direct molecular interaction between VBIT-12 and VDAC1 and elucidate the mechanism of channel inhibition.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for VBIT-12 are performed using various cell lines to assess its effects on VDAC1 function and cell viability. Cells are cultured in standard media and treated with VBIT-12 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM for 24-72 hours. Mitochondrial membrane potential is assessed using JC-1 or TMRM fluorescent dyes. Apoptosis is evaluated by measuring caspase-3/7 activity, Annexin V/PI staining, and cytochrome c release. VDAC1 oligomerization is assessed in cell lysates using chemical crosslinking followed by Western blotting. Cell viability is measured using MTT or CCK-8 assays. The compound's specificity is confirmed by comparing effects in cells with normal versus overexpressed VDAC1. Reactive oxygen species production and ATP levels may also be measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with VBIT-12 are conducted in disease models where VDAC1 plays a pathogenic role. Common models include tumor xenografts for cancer studies, chemically induced or genetic models of neurodegeneration, and ischemia-reperfusion injury models. VBIT-12 is administered via various routes including intraperitoneal or intravenous injection at doses determined from pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies. Treatment duration and frequency depend on the disease model. Efficacy endpoints include tumor growth inhibition, neurological function improvement, tissue damage reduction, and survival. Mitochondrial function and VDAC1 oligomerization are assessed in tissue samples at study endpoint. The compound's safety and tolerability are monitored through body weight, clinical signs, and histopathology.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of VBIT-12 have been characterized to support in vivo studies. The compound has a molecular weight of 417.5. As a small molecule inhibitor, it is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and good tissue distribution. The compound's lipophilic nature (C25H27N3O3) suggests it can cross biological membranes including the mitochondrial outer membrane. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, Tmax, AUC, volume of distribution, and clearance are typically determined in pharmacokinetic studies in rodents. Protein binding and metabolic stability are also assessed to guide dosing regimen design. Formulation development may be required to optimize solubility and bioavailability for in vivo administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of VBIT-12 has been evaluated in preclinical studies. As a VDAC1 inhibitor that has no effect on cells under physiological conditions, the compound is expected to have a favorable safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicity studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments are necessary to fully characterize its safety. In vitro cytotoxicity assays using multiple cell lines provide initial safety information. In vivo tolerability studies assess maximum tolerated dose and identify potential target organs of toxicity. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Researchers should follow standard laboratory safety practices when handling VBIT-12.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
VBIT-12 is a valuable research tool for studying the role of VDAC1 in mitochondrial function and apoptosis. It is used to investigate the mechanisms of VDAC1-mediated cell death in various pathological conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The compound's selectivity for pathological states with abnormal VDAC1 expression makes it particularly useful for understanding the context-dependent roles of VDAC1 in disease. VBIT-12 can be employed to validate VDAC1 as a therapeutic target and to explore the potential of VDAC1 inhibition as a treatment strategy. The compound is also useful for studying mitochondrial biology and the regulation of apoptosis.
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| Molecular Weight |
417.5002
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| Exact Mass |
417.205
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| CAS # |
2089227-65-4
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| PubChem CID |
134347604
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
1.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
611
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1CN(CCC1(C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC2=CC=CC=C2)CC3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43
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| InChi Key |
JZDHWOWCHGYSGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H27N3O3/c29-23(30)17-26-24(31)25(27-21-10-2-1-3-11-21)13-15-28(16-14-25)18-20-9-6-8-19-7-4-5-12-22(19)20/h1-12,27H,13-18H2,(H,26,31)(H,29,30)
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| Chemical Name |
(1-(Naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-4-(phenylamino)piperidine-4-carbonyl)glycine
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| Synonyms |
VBIT12 VBIT 12 VBIT-12
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3952 mL | 11.9760 mL | 23.9521 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4790 mL | 2.3952 mL | 4.7904 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2395 mL | 1.1976 mL | 2.3952 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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