| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
trans-Isoferulic acid targets multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. It acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions. It may modulate the activity of enzymes such as cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX), reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. It also influences signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, contributing to its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects.
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| ln Vitro |
trans-Isoferulic acid exhibits antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP radical scavenging assays. It shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages. It may also exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Specific IC₅₀ values for various activities depend on the assay system and are not extensively documented.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for trans-Isoferulic acid are limited in the literature. Based on its in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, it is anticipated to have potential in vivo efficacy in models of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, specific animal studies detailing its therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics are not extensively documented.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular enzyme/receptor binding assays for trans-Isoferulic acid typically involve antioxidant activity evaluation using chemical assays such as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The compound's ability to scavenge free radicals is measured spectrophotometrically. Anti-inflammatory activity can be assessed using enzyme inhibition assays for COX-1, COX-2, and LOX. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and substrate, and the inhibition of product formation is measured. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for trans-Isoferulic acid typically use macrophage cell lines such as RAW 264.7 to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. Cells are treated with various concentrations of the compound, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. Nitric oxide production is measured using the Griess assay. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) are quantified by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays. Neuroprotective effects can be evaluated using neuronal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for trans-Isoferulic acid are not extensively documented. Based on its potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, typical study designs would involve rodent models of inflammation (e.g., carrageenan-induced paw edema) or neurodegeneration (e.g., MPTP-induced Parkinson's model). The compound would be administered orally or intraperitoneally. Inflammatory markers, behavioral assessments, and histopathological analyses would be evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
The known metabolites of Isoferulic acid include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxacyclohexane-2-carboxylic acid. Pharmacokinetic properties of trans-Isoferulic acid are not extensively characterized. As a hydroxycinnamic acid, it is expected to be absorbed orally with moderate bioavailability. Metabolic pathways likely involve phase II conjugation (glucuronidation and sulfation) and phase I oxidation. The compound may undergo extensive first-pass metabolism. Specific PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and bioavailability are not well documented. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of trans-Isoferulic acid are not extensively characterized. As a hydroxycinnamic acid, it is expected to be absorbed orally with moderate bioavailability. Metabolic pathways likely involve phase II conjugation (glucuronidation and sulfation) and phase I oxidation. The compound may undergo extensive first-pass metabolism. Specific PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and bioavailability are not well documented.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Isoferulic acid is a ferulic acid derivative composed of trans-cinnamic acid with methoxy and hydroxyl substituents at the 4 and 3 positions of the benzene ring, respectively. It functions as a metabolite, biomarker, and antioxidant. Isoferulic acid has been reported to be found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, Populus chuanxiong, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: black cohosh (partial); water spinach leaves (partial).
trans-Isoferulic acid is a research-grade natural product intended for laboratory use only. It is not approved for clinical use as a therapeutic agent. Its primary applications include studying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroxycinnamic acids, investigating neuroprotective and cardioprotective mechanisms, and serving as a reference standard for the analysis of plant-derived phenolic compounds. It is also used in structure-activity relationship studies of cinnamic acid derivatives. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H10O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
194.184
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| Exact Mass |
194.057
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| CAS # |
25522-33-2
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| Related CAS # |
Isoferulic acid;537-73-5;trans-Isoferulic acid-d3;1028203-97-5
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| PubChem CID |
736186
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| Appearance |
Brown to breen solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
410.2±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
228 - 233 °C
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| Flash Point |
167.6±19.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.627
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| LogP |
1.56
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
224
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
QURCVMIEKCOAJU-HWKANZROSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-14-9-4-2-7(6-8(9)11)3-5-10(12)13/h2-6,11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/b5-3+
|
| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.1499 mL | 25.7493 mL | 51.4986 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0300 mL | 5.1499 mL | 10.2997 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5150 mL | 2.5749 mL | 5.1499 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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