| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
(S)-Propafenone targets cardiac sodium channels (Class I antiarrhythmic activity) and beta-adrenoceptors (beta-blocking activity). The (S)-enantiomer displays higher affinity for sodium channels and stronger beta-blocking effects compared to the (R)-enantiomer. It also exhibits mild calcium channel inhibition.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, (S)-Propafenone exerts beta-blocking action and sodium channel-dependent antiarrhythmic Class I activity. The (S)-enantiomer shows significant beta-blocking effects in healthy volunteer studies. It has higher affinity for sodium channels and stronger beta-blocking effects compared to the (R)-enantiomer.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, (S)-Propafenone has been shown to exert significant beta-blocking effects in healthy volunteers. As a Class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, it is used to treat various types of cardiac arrhythmias. The (S)-enantiomer's beta-blocking properties differentiate it from the racemic mixture or the (R)-enantiomer.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for (S)-Propafenone are performed using cardiac membrane preparations or recombinant sodium channels and beta-adrenoceptors. Radioligand binding studies using [3H]-batrachotoxin (for sodium channels) or [3H]-CGP-12177 (for beta-adrenoceptors) are conducted to determine binding affinity (Ki). Patch-clamp electrophysiology is used to assess sodium channel blockade and the effects on action potential parameters.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for (S)-Propafenone are conducted using cardiac myocytes or cell lines expressing sodium channels and beta-adrenoceptors. Cells are treated with the compound at concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 uM. Sodium current inhibition is measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is assessed by measuring cAMP accumulation in response to isoproterenol stimulation. Antiarrhythmic effects are evaluated by measuring action potential duration and refractory period.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for (S)-Propafenone are conducted in arrhythmia models such as ouabain-induced or coronary ligation-induced arrhythmias in rodents or dogs. The compound is administered via intravenous or oral routes at doses of 1-10 mg/kg. Electrocardiograms are recorded to assess QRS duration, QT interval, and arrhythmia suppression. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility are monitored.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
The known metabolites of (S)-propapfenone include (S)-N-depropylpropapfenone, (S)-4'-hydroxypropapfenone, and (S)-5-hydroxypropapfenone. Pharmacokinetic properties of (S)-Propafenone are similar to those of racemic Propafenone. It is well-absorbed after oral administration with good bioavailability. The compound undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism via CYP2D6. The half-life is approximately 2-10 hours depending on CYP2D6 genotype. The (S)-enantiomer exhibits stereoselective pharmacokinetics with differences in clearance compared to the (R)-enantiomer. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for (S)-Propafenone are derived from studies of racemic Propafenone. Adverse effects include dizziness, nausea, and cardiac conduction disturbances. The compound is contraindicated in patients with certain cardiac conditions. Preclinical toxicology studies have shown dose-dependent effects on cardiac function.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(S)-Propafenone is being studied in the clinical trial NCT02710669 (a new propafenone formulation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation).
(S)-Propafenone is a research-use compound not approved as a single therapeutic agent. It is used in pharmacological research to study the stereoselective effects of antiarrhythmic drugs and the role of enantiomers in cardiac ion channel modulation. The compound is valuable for understanding the contributions of sodium channel blockade and beta-blockade to antiarrhythmic efficacy. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H27NO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
341.44398
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| Exact Mass |
341.199
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| CAS # |
107381-32-8
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| Related CAS # |
Propafenone hydrochloride;34183-22-7;Propafenone;54063-53-5;Propafenone-d7 hydrochloride;1219799-06-0;Propafenone-d5 hydrochloride;1346605-05-7
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| PubChem CID |
184820
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.096g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
519.6ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
268ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.27E-11mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.557
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| LogP |
3.632
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
368
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
CCCNC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)O
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| InChi Key |
JWHAUXFOSRPERK-SFHVURJKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H27NO3/c1-2-14-22-15-18(23)16-25-21-11-7-6-10-19(21)20(24)13-12-17-8-4-3-5-9-17/h3-11,18,22-23H,2,12-16H2,1H3/t18-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
1-[2-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(propylamino)propoxy]phenyl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~33.33 mg/mL (~97.62 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9288 mL | 14.6439 mL | 29.2877 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5858 mL | 2.9288 mL | 5.8575 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2929 mL | 1.4644 mL | 2.9288 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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