| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Repaglinide D5 targets the same pharmacological target as Repaglinide: the ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels on pancreatic β cells. Repaglinide binds to the SUR1 subunit of the K_ATP channel, closing the channel and depolarizing the β cell membrane. This depolarization opens voltage-gated calcium channels, leading to calcium influx and the exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules. Repaglinide increases total insulin secretion and improves early insulin secretion, which lowers postprandial blood glucose levels. As a deuterated form, Repaglinide D5 has identical pharmacological activity but is used as an analytical standard.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Repaglinide increases total insulin secretion and improves early insulin secretion, which lowers postprandial blood glucose levels [1].
In vitro, Repaglinide D5 is not used for pharmacological evaluation but as an internal standard for analytical method development. Repaglinide, the parent compound, stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells in a glucose-dependent manner. In vitro studies using insulinoma cell lines (e.g., MIN6, INS-1) or primary islets demonstrate that Repaglinide increases insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. The compound's effects are concentration-dependent, with efficacy observed in the nanomolar to low micromolar range. Repaglinide D5 is used in analytical chemistry for the quantification of Repaglinide in biological samples. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Repaglinide is used as an antidiabetic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is administered orally before meals to stimulate insulin secretion and lower postprandial blood glucose levels. Repaglinide has a rapid onset and short duration of action, making it suitable for prandial glucose control. Repaglinide D5 is not used therapeutically but serves as an internal standard for pharmacokinetic studies of Repaglinide. Deuterated internal standards are used to improve the accuracy and precision of LC-MS or GC-MS quantification by correcting for matrix effects and instrument variability.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular) assays are not applicable to Repaglinide D5, as it is an analytical standard rather than a bioactive compound. However, binding studies for Repaglinide may be performed to characterize its interaction with the K_ATP channel. These assays typically use membrane preparations from pancreatic β cells or cells expressing the SUR1/Kir6.2 channel. Radioligand binding assays using [³H]glibenclamide or other labeled sulfonylureas can measure the displacement of the radioligand by Repaglinide. Binding affinity (IC₅₀ or Kd) is calculated from competition curves. Repaglinide D5 is used as an internal standard in these assays.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments with Repaglinide D5 are not performed for pharmacological evaluation, as the compound is an analytical standard. However, cellular assays for Repaglinide may be conducted using insulinoma cell lines or primary islets to assess insulin secretion. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with varying concentrations of Repaglinide or other insulin secretagogues. Insulin secretion is measured by ELISA or RIA following glucose stimulation. These experiments help characterize the compound's mechanism of action and potency. Repaglinide D5 is used as an internal standard in analytical methods for these studies.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Repaglinide are performed in diabetic animal models (e.g., streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats or mice, db/db mice) to assess its glucose-lowering efficacy. Animals are administered Repaglinide via oral gavage at various doses, and blood glucose levels are measured at multiple time points. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) may be performed to assess the compound's ability to improve glucose disposal. Pharmacokinetic studies assess absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Repaglinide D5 is used as an internal standard in these pharmacokinetic studies.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Repaglinide D5 are derived from the parent compound Repaglinide. Repaglinide has a molecular weight of 452.59 (non-deuterated) and is administered orally. It is rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 1 hour. Repaglinide is extensively bound to plasma proteins (>98%) and is metabolized primarily by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in the liver to inactive metabolites. It has a short half-life of approximately 1 hour and is excreted primarily in bile. Repaglinide D5 has enhanced molecular stability due to the deuterium substitution and is used as an internal standard for analytical quantification.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Repaglinide D5 is derived from the parent compound Repaglinide. Repaglinide is generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being hypoglycemia, weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. As a deuterated compound, Repaglinide D5 is expected to have a similar safety profile but is not used therapeutically. The compound should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including use of personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, lab coat) and working in a well-ventilated area.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Repaglinide D5 (CAS 1217709-85-7) is the deuterium-labeled form of Repaglinide, a non-sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent used as an antidiabetic. The compound has molecular formula C₂₇H₃₁D₅N₂O₄ and molecular weight 457.62. Repaglinide D5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of Repaglinide by GC-MS or LC-MS. Repaglinide is an insulin secretagogue used in type 2 diabetes that increases total insulin secretion and improves early insulin secretion, which lowers postprandial blood glucose levels. The deuterated form enhances molecular stability. Purity: analytical standard grade.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C27H31D5N2O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
457.616
|
| Exact Mass |
457.299
|
| CAS # |
1217709-85-7
|
| Related CAS # |
Repaglinide;135062-02-1
|
| PubChem CID |
45040351
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
6.125
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
33
|
| Complexity |
619
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])OC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2N3CCCCC3)C(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
FAEKWTJYAYMJKF-NTSVIFQKSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H36N2O4/c1-4-33-25-17-20(12-13-22(25)27(31)32)18-26(30)28-23(16-19(2)3)21-10-6-7-11-24(21)29-14-8-5-9-15-29/h6-7,10-13,17,19,23H,4-5,8-9,14-16,18H2,1-3H3,(H,28,30)(H,31,32)/t23-/m0/s1/i1D3,4D2
|
| Chemical Name |
4-[2-[[(1S)-3-methyl-1-(2-piperidin-1-ylphenyl)butyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-(1,1,2,2,2-pentadeuterioethoxy)benzoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1852 mL | 10.9261 mL | 21.8522 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4370 mL | 2.1852 mL | 4.3704 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2185 mL | 1.0926 mL | 2.1852 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
