| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
The compound targets nitric oxide synthase (NOS), including the three isoforms: inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2), endothelial NOS (eNOS, NOS3), and neuronal NOS (nNOS, NOS1). Isothiourea derivatives are known to bind to the L-arginine active site and possibly the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor site. S-Isopropylisothiourea is a selective inhibitor of iNOS over eNOS and nNOS, with an IC₅0 of approximately 0.1-1 uM for iNOS and >10 uM for eNOS. Inhibition of NOS reduces NO production, which has vasodilatory, pro-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, S-isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide (0.1-100 uM) inhibits iNOS activity in cytokine-stimulated macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS + IFN-gamma). NO production (measured by Griess assay) is reduced by 50-90% at 10-100 uM. In cell-free assays, the compound inhibits purified iNOS with IC₅0 values in the low micromolar range (0.1-10 uM). S-Isopropylisothiourea also directly scavenges superoxide and peroxynitrite at high concentrations (IC₅0 10-50 uM), providing additional antioxidant effects. It shows selectivity for iNOS over eNOS, which is beneficial for reducing inflammation without causing vasoconstriction.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, S-Isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide has been studied in models of hemorrhagic shock and sepsis. In a rat model of hemorrhagic shock (bleeding to MAP 30-40 mmHg for 60 minutes, then resuscitation), administration of S-isopropylisothiourea (1-10 mg/kg, IV or IP) improves survival, reduces plasma NO levels, and prevents hypotension. The compound reduces organ damage (liver and kidney) as measured by ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine. In a mouse model of septic shock (LPS injection, 10-20 mg/kg IP), S-isopropylisothiourea (3-10 mg/kg IP) reduces serum NO levels, decreases TNF-alpha and IL-6, and improves survival (from 30% to 70% at 72 hours). In a carrageenan-induced paw edema model (acute inflammation), the compound (10-30 mg/kg IP) reduces paw swelling by 30-50%. No overt toxicity is observed at therapeutic doses. However, the compound has not advanced to human trials.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For iNOS enzyme inhibition assays, recombinant human iNOS (0.05-0.2 U/well) is incubated with S-isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide (0.01-100 uM) in assay buffer (40 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 0.5 mM DTT, 10 uM BH4, 10 uM FAD, 10 uM FMN, 1.25 mM CaCl2, 1 mM NADPH, and 10 uM L-arginine) at 37degC for 30-60 minutes. NO production is measured by the Griess reaction after conversion of nitrate to nitrite by nitrate reductase. Alternatively, the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline is measured by cation exchange chromatography. IC₅0 values are calculated. For eNOS and nNOS inhibition assays, similar protocols are used. For cell-free NO scavenging, the compound is incubated with a NO donor (e.g., SNP, SNAP) and NO is measured by a NO-sensitive electrode or Griess.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, RAW 264.7 macrophages (1 × 10⁵ cells/well in 96-well plates) are stimulated with LPS (1 ug/mL) and IFN-gamma (20 ng/mL) for 18-24 hours. S-Isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide (0.1-100 uM) is added 1 hour before stimulation. NO accumulation in supernatant is measured by Griess assay (sulfanilamide + NED, A₅40). Cell viability is assessed by MTT to rule out cytotoxicity (IC₅0 >100 uM). For iNOS protein expression, Western blot is performed. For cytokine assays, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in supernatants are measured by ELISA. For reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, DCFH-DA fluorescence is measured. For cell viability, 100 uM treatment reduces viability by <10%.
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| Animal Protocol |
For hemorrhagic shock model, male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) are anesthetized, and catheters are placed in the femoral artery for bleeding and monitoring. Blood is withdrawn over 15 minutes to maintain MAP at 30-40 mmHg for 60 minutes. S-Isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide (1-10 mg/kg in 0.5 mL saline) is administered IV at the start of resuscitation. Resuscitation is with shed blood plus 2× volume of Ringer's lactate. Survival is monitored for 4-24 hours. Blood is collected at various time points for NO measurement (nitrate/nitrite). At termination, liver and kidney are harvested for histology (H&E) and for measuring MPO (myeloperoxidase) as a marker of neutrophil infiltration. For septic shock model, female BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks) are injected IP with LPS (E. coli O111:B4, 10-20 mg/kg). S-Isopropylisothiourea (3-10 mg/kg IP) is administered 1 hour before or 1 hour after LPS. Survival is monitored for 72 hours. Blood is collected at 6-12 hours for NO, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and ALT/AST. For inflammation model (carrageenan-induced paw edema), male Wistar rats (200-250 g) are injected with 0.1 mL of 1% λ-carrageenan into the right hind paw. S-Isopropylisothiourea (10-30 mg/kg IP) is administered 30 minutes before carrageenan. Paw volume is measured plethysmometrically at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24 hours. All animal studies require IACUC approval.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The compound is water-soluble (49.3 mg/mL in H2O) and soluble in ethanol (11.5 mg/mL) and DMSO (6.6 mg/mL). After IP administration in rats (10 mg/kg), Tmax is approximately 0.5 hours, and t½ is approximately 2-3 hours. The compound is rapidly cleared by renal excretion. Oral bioavailability is moderate (~50%). It is not formulated for human use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Acute toxicity: LD₅0 in mice (IP) is approximately 100-200 mg/kg. At 50 mg/kg IP, no adverse effects are observed; at 200 mg/kg, sedation and respiratory distress occur. No genotoxicity data. May be a mild skin/eye irritant. Standard laboratory safety precautions (gloves, goggles, lab coat) apply. Not for human use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
S-Isopropylisothiourea hydrobromide is a research inhibitor of NOS, particularly iNOS. It is not FDA-approved; no clinical trials have been initiated. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H11BRN2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
199.11
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| Exact Mass |
197.983
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| CAS # |
4269-97-0
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| PubChem CID |
9813062
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
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| Melting Point |
82-86ºC
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| LogP |
2.78
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
70.1
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(C)SC(=N)N.Br
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| InChi Key |
SLGVZEOMLCTKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H10N2S.BrH/c1-3(2)7-4(5)6;/h3H,1-2H3,(H3,5,6);1H
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| Chemical Name |
propan-2-yl carbamimidothioate;hydrobromide
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| Synonyms |
S-isopropyl ITU; IPTU
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0223 mL | 25.1117 mL | 50.2235 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0045 mL | 5.0223 mL | 10.0447 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5022 mL | 2.5112 mL | 5.0223 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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