| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
pTH (44-68) (human) TFA targets the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor (type 1, PTH1R), albeit with much lower binding affinity and without the biological activity (adenylate cyclase stimulation) of the intact 1-84 or 1-34 peptides. It may also interact with other regions of the receptor, potentially influencing receptor internalization or signaling via alternative pathways. The fragment is primarily used to study the structural and functional domains of pTH.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, pTH (44-68) (human) TFA has no direct biological activity (no cAMP stimulation in PTH1R-expressing cells). It is used as a negative control in PTH1R signaling assays (cAMP accumulation, calcium mobilization) to confirm that the N-terminal region is responsible for receptor activation. At high concentrations (10-100 uM), it may weakly compete with [¹2⁵I]-pTH(1-34) for binding to PTH1R membranes, with an IC₅0 > 10 uM. It is also used to study the structure-function relationship of pTH.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, pTH (44-68) (human) TFA is not used for therapeutic purposes. It is used as a research tool to study the mechanism of action of pTH and the role of the C-terminal region in calcium and phosphate metabolism. It may be used as a negative control in animal studies of bone metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For PTH1R binding assays, membrane preparations from HEK293 cells overexpressing human PTH1R are incubated with 0.05-0.2 nM [¹2⁵I]-pTH(1-34) and increasing concentrations of pTH (44-68) (human) TFA (0.1-100 uM) in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.1% BSA for 2 h at 4degC. Bound radioligand is separated by filtration through GF/B filters (presoaked in 0.5% PEI). Non-specific binding is determined with 1 uM unlabeled pTH(1-34). For cAMP assays, cells are treated with pTH(44-68) TFA (0.1-100 uM) with or without 10 nM pTH(1-34), and cAMP is measured by ELISA. pTH(44-68) alone does not stimulate cAMP; it does not antagonize pTH(1-34)-stimulated cAMP production at up to 100 uM.
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable; the peptide fragment is not directly used in cell-based efficacy assays. For control experiments, cells expressing PTH1R (e.g., SaOS-2, UMR-106, HEK293-PTH1R) are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with pTH (44-68) (human) TFA (0.1-100 uM) alone or with pTH(1-34) (10 nM). cAMP is measured by ELISA. No cAMP response to the fragment alone is expected, and no antagonism is observed. For cell viability, MTT assays show IC₅0 > 100 uM.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable; the peptide is not administered for efficacy. It may be injected IV or IP (1-10 mg/kg) into mice or rats as a control in PTH1R studies. Blood calcium and phosphate levels are measured; no change is expected compared to vehicle.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The peptide (MW 2836.08) is soluble in water and PBS. Not for in vivo use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Low toxicity (peptide). May cause skin and eye irritation. Not a drug.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
pTH (44-68) (human) TFA is a research-grade peptide fragment for studying PTH structure and function. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It serves as a negative control for PTH1R activation and as a tool for mapping the receptor-binding domains of parathyroid hormone. For research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C117H199N41O41.XC2HF3O2
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| Molecular Weight |
2836.08 (free base)
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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