| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
QM-FN-SO3 ammonium targets amyloid-beta (Abeta) plaques in the brain. The probe interacts with Abeta aggregates (senile plaques) through non-covalent interactions, primarily pi-pi stacking and electrostatic interactions. Its binding to Abeta plaques induces a fluorescence emission (aggregation-induced emission, AIE) that is much stronger than its fluorescence in solution. This property makes it highly specific for Abeta plaques with minimal background signal. The ammonium salt form enhances its solubility and BBB penetration.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is characterized as an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe. When dissolved in solution, it exhibits low fluorescence; however, upon binding to Abeta aggregates (fibrils or plaques), its fluorescence is dramatically enhanced due to the restriction of intramolecular motion. This property enables the detection of Abeta plaques with ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio. The probe has high binding affinity for Abeta aggregates, although no specific KD or IC50 values are reported. It is used in biochemical assays to detect and quantify Abeta aggregation and to screen for anti-amyloid compounds.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and binding specifically to Abeta plaques in the brains of living animals. It can be used for the in vivo detection of Abeta plaques in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer‘s disease (e.g., APP/PS1, 5xFAD). Its NIR emission (typically in the 600-900 nm range) allows for deep tissue penetration and minimal autofluorescence, enabling high-resolution imaging. The probe has ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio and high binding affinity, making it effective for real-time imaging in biological systems. It has potential for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
The binding of QM-FN-SO3 ammonium to Abeta aggregates is measured by fluorescence spectroscopy using pre-formed Abeta1-42 fibrils. Synthetic Abeta1-42 peptide is incubated in PBS (pH 7.4) with shaking at 37degC for 24-72 hours to form fibrils. QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is then added to the Abeta fibril solution at graded concentrations (0.1-100 microM). After 10-30 minutes of incubation, fluorescence intensity is measured at the NIR emission wavelength (e.g., 650-750 nm) with excitation at 450-550 nm. The binding affinity (KD) is calculated from a saturation binding curve. The compound‘s AIE property is confirmed by comparing fluorescence in solution vs. in the presence of Abeta fibrils.
|
| Cell Assay |
For cellular imaging studies, cultured cells (e.g., primary neurons, microglia, or cell lines) that have been treated with or internalized Abeta aggregates are used. Alternatively, brain slices from Alzheimer's disease mouse models (e.g., APP/PS1, 5xFAD) are used. Sections (20-40 microm) are incubated with QM-FN-SO3 ammonium (1-10 microM) in PBS for 30-60 minutes at room temperature, protected from light. After washing, the sections are mounted and imaged by confocal microscopy with excitation at 488-561 nm and emission detection in the NIR channel (e.g., 650-750 nm). Co-staining with a standard Abeta plaque dye (Thioflavin S or an anti-Abeta antibody) is performed to confirm specificity. No live cell assays with the probe are described.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo imaging, 12-24-month-old transgenic Alzheimer‘s disease mice (e.g., APP/PS1, 5xFAD, or J20) with significant Abeta plaque pathology are used. Age-matched wild-type (WT) mice serve as negative controls. QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is formulated in sterile PBS or saline and administered intravenously (tail vein injection) at a dose of 1-10 mg/kg (typically 0.5-5 mg/kg in 100-200 microL). Mice are anesthetized with isoflurane, and in vivo fluorescence imaging is performed at various time points (1-48 hours post-injection) using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) equipped with NIR excitation and emission filters (e.g., excitation 450-550 nm, emission 650-750 nm). The brain region is selected as the region of interest (ROI). After imaging, mice are perfused transcardially with PBS, brains are collected, and frozen sections are imaged ex vivo by fluorescence microscopy to confirm the location of the probe in Abeta plaques.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is a solid powder. For storage, the compound should be kept at -20degC sealed, away from moisture and light. For in vitro use, stock solutions in DMSO (1-10 mM) can be prepared and stored at -20degC. For in vivo use, it is formulated in PBS or saline (0.5-5 mg/mL) and administered intravenously. No detailed PK parameters (oral bioavailability, Cmax, Tmax, half-life, brain penetration) are reported. The probe is designed to cross the BBB, and in vivo imaging studies confirm brain uptake. The exact molecular structure of QM-FN-SO3 is not fully detailed in the search results, but it is a small organic AIE fluorophore.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data for QM-FN-SO3 ammonium are reported in the search results. As a research-grade fluorescent probe, it is not intended for human or veterinary use. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling chemicals should be followed, including the use of gloves, lab coat, and safety goggles. In vivo imaging studies in mice typically use low doses (1-10 mg/kg), and no overt toxicity or adverse effects have been reported at these doses. However, no formal toxicology studies (LD50, target organ toxicity) are available.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is a near-infrared (NIR) aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active fluorescent probe for the detection of amyloid-beta (Abeta) plaques. NIR imaging (650-900 nm) allows for deeper tissue penetration and reduced autofluorescence compared to visible light, making it ideal for in vivo brain imaging. AIE probes are non-fluorescent in solution but become highly fluorescent upon binding to their target, providing an ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio. QM-FN-SO3 ammonium is BBB-penetrable, enabling non-invasive detection of Abeta plaques in living animals. This probe has potential applications in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer‘s disease, tracking disease progression, and evaluating the efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies. The compound is for research use only and has not entered clinical trials or received regulatory approval
|
| Molecular Formula |
C29H29N5O3S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
559.70
|
| Appearance |
Solid powder
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.7867 mL | 8.9334 mL | 17.8667 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3573 mL | 1.7867 mL | 3.5733 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1787 mL | 0.8933 mL | 1.7867 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
