| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Debrisoquin hydroiodide targets the serine protease TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine 2). TMPRSS2 is a host cell surface protein that is essential for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into lung cells. The virus uses its spike protein, which is cleaved by TMPRSS2, to fuse with the host cell membrane. By inhibiting TMPRSS2, Debrisoquin prevents the activation of the spike protein and thus blocks viral entry. This mechanism is distinct from drugs that target viral components.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Debrisoquin (the active moiety of Debrisoquin hydroiodide) is a TMPRSS2 inhibitor that blocks SARS-CoV-2 entry into human lung cell lines in a TMPRSS2-dependent manner. The compound also possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. No specific IC50 values for TMPRSS2 inhibition or antiviral activity are reported in the search results. The hydroiodide salt form is used for research applications, and the compound is available for antiviral studies.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo activity data for Debrisoquin hydroiodide are reported in the search results. As a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, it has potential for evaluation in animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., hACE2 transgenic mice or hamsters infected with the virus). Oral administration of Debrisoquin would be a potential route. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties could be evaluated in models of neuroinflammation or oxidative stress. However, no such in vivo data are provided.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Binding of Debrisoquin hydroiodide to TMPRSS2 is measured by standard in vitro enzyme activity assays using purified recombinant TMPRSS2 protease. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and a fluorogenic peptide substrate (e.g., Boc-QAR-AMC or H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA). Protease activity cleaves the substrate, releasing a fluorescent or chromogenic group that is measured at λex=380 nm, λem=460 nm (for AMC) or at 405 nm (for pNA). The IC50 for TMPRSS2 inhibition is calculated from dose-response curves. No specific IC50 value is reported in the search results. The compound may also be evaluated in competitive binding assays with a labeled inhibitor.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular antiviral assays, human lung epithelial cell lines that express TMPRSS2 (e.g., Calu-3, A549-ACE2/TMPRSS2) are seeded in 96-well plates. Cells are pre-treated with Debrisoquin hydroiodide at graded concentrations (0.1-100 microM) for 1-2 hours, then infected with SARS-CoV-2 (or a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) at a suitable multiplicity of infection (MOI). After 24-48 hours of incubation, viral entry is assessed by measuring the expression of a reporter gene (e.g., luciferase) or viral RNA by qPCR. The antiviral IC50 is calculated from dose-response curves. Cytotoxicity is assessed in parallel using MTT assays to determine the CC50 and selectivity index (SI).
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| Animal Protocol |
No animal experiments for Debrisoquin hydroiodide are described in the search results. For in vivo evaluation of antiviral activity, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (6-8 weeks old) would be infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Debrisoquin hydroiodide would be administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses of 10-100 mg/kg daily starting 1 day before infection. After 3-7 days, the animals would be sacrificed, and lung and nasal turbinate tissues would be collected. Viral titers in lung homogenates would be measured by plaque assay or qPCR. Lung histology (H&E staining) would be assessed for inflammation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta) in lung homogenates would be measured by ELISA. Body weight and survival would be monitored daily.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Debrisoquin hydroiodide (C10H13N3·HI, MW = 303.14) is a solid powder. For storage, the compound should be kept at 4degC and protected from light. For in vitro use, stock solutions in DMSO (10-50 mM) can be stored at -80degC for up to 6 months or at -20degC for 1 month (protected from light). For in vivo use, it can be formulated in sterile saline or PBS. Purity is typically ≥95% (HPLC). No detailed PK parameters (oral bioavailability, Cmax, Tmax, half-life, tissue distribution) are reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data for Debrisoquin hydroiodide are reported in the search results. As a research-grade compound, it is not intended for human or veterinary use. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling chemicals should be followed, including the use of gloves, lab coat, and safety goggles. Debrisoquin is a known antihypertensive drug (guanethidine-like) that was used clinically in the past. It has documented pharmacological effects on the sympathetic nervous system. Debrisoquin hydroiodide should be handled with caution. No LD50 or formal toxicology studies are available for the hydroiodide salt.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Debrisoquin hydroiodide is the salt form of Debrisoquin, an old antihypertensive drug (marketed as Declinax) that acts as an adrenergic neuron-blocking agent. In recent research, Debrisoquin has been identified as a TMPRSS2 inhibitor with potential for repurposing as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. TMPRSS2 is a host serine protease that cleaves the viral spike protein, facilitating viral entry into cells. TMPRSS2 inhibitors are being investigated as a host-directed antiviral strategy that may be less prone to resistance. Debrisoquin hydroiodide is for research use only and is not intended for clinical use in its research-grade form.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H14IN3
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| Molecular Weight |
303.14
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| Exact Mass |
303.023
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| CAS # |
1052540-65-4
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| PubChem CID |
16261658
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
202
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1CN(CC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=N)N.I
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| InChi Key |
FSDNBVFWOCFLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N3.HI/c11-10(12)13-6-5-8-3-1-2-4-9(8)7-13;/h1-4H,5-7H2,(H3,11,12);1H
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| Chemical Name |
3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carboximidamide;hydroiodide
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| Synonyms |
Debrisoquine hydroiodide; Isocaramidine hydroiodide; Ro 5-3307/1 hydroiodide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 175 mg/mL (577.29 mM; with sonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2988 mL | 16.4940 mL | 32.9881 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6598 mL | 3.2988 mL | 6.5976 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3299 mL | 1.6494 mL | 3.2988 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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