| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HsTX1 TFA targets the potassium channel Kv1.3, a voltage-gated potassium channel that plays a critical role in T cell activation and immune regulation. It inhibits Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 12 pM. By blocking Kv1.3, HsTX1 inhibits TEM (effector memory T) cell activation and attenuates inflammation in autoimmune conditions. The peptide's four disulfide bridges confer structural stability.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that HsTX1 TFA is a potent inhibitor of the potassium channel Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 12 pM. This picomolar potency indicates extremely high affinity for the channel. By inhibiting Kv1.3, the compound inhibits TEM cell activation. The peptide is derived from the scorpion Heterometrus spinnifer and consists of 34 residues with four disulfide bridges.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of HsTX1 TFA is inferred from its mechanism as a Kv1.3 inhibitor that attenuates inflammation in autoimmunity. By inhibiting TEM cell activation, the peptide may reduce autoimmune inflammatory responses. Detailed in vivo efficacy data from animal models of autoimmune disease are not extensively documented in the available literature. The compound is intended for research use only.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assay for HsTX1 TFA involves measuring its inhibitory activity against the Kv1.3 potassium channel. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the standard method for assessing potassium channel inhibition. Cells expressing Kv1.3 are treated with the peptide at varying concentrations, and potassium currents are measured. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. Standard protocols include appropriate positive controls such as known Kv1.3 inhibitors.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for HsTX1 TFA are conducted using T cells to evaluate its effects on cell activation. Cells are treated with the peptide at various concentrations, and T cell activation is assessed by measuring cytokine production, proliferation, and surface marker expression. TEM cell activation is specifically evaluated. Cytotoxicity is evaluated using standard cell viability assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for HsTX1 TFA would typically be conducted using mouse models of autoimmune disease. Animals would be administered the peptide via appropriate routes, and inflammation would be assessed by measuring inflammatory markers, cytokine levels, and histopathological changes. TEM cell activation in tissues would be evaluated. However, detailed in vivo protocols and efficacy data are not available from the search results.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of HsTX1 TFA include its nature as a 34-residue peptide with four disulfide bridges. As a peptide toxin, it is subject to proteolytic degradation and may have limited oral bioavailability. The TFA salt form is used to enhance solubility and stability. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively documented in the available literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity information for HsTX1 TFA is limited. As a peptide toxin derived from scorpion venom, it may have significant toxicity at higher concentrations. Standard safety precautions for handling research chemicals should be followed. The compound is designated for research use only and is not for human therapeutic applications. No detailed toxicity data are available from the search results.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
HsTX1 TFA is a peptide toxin from the scorpion Heterometrus spinnifer that inhibits the potassium channel Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 12 pM. It is a 34-residue, C-terminally amidated peptide with four disulfide bridges. It inhibits TEM cell activation and attenuates autoimmune inflammation. It is intended for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C149H246N54O46S9.XC2HF3O2
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| Molecular Weight |
3818.47 (free base)
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O :~50 mg/mL (with sonication)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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