| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
PEGs
Ethyl acetate-PEG1 targets the chemical conjugation process rather than biological receptors. The ethyl acetate ester can be hydrolyzed to a carboxylate for amide bond formation with amine-containing ligands. The PEG1 chain (single ethylene glycol unit) provides minimal hydrophilicity and flexibility. In PROTAC applications, this short linker is used when minimal distance (approximately 4-6 Angstrom) is required between the two binding ligands. The linker is also used to improve the solubility of hydrophobic molecules. The compound targets esterases in biological media that can hydrolyze the ester bond, which may be exploited for prodrug strategies or cleavable linker applications. |
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| ln Vitro |
One ligand is for an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the other is for the target protein; these two ligands are joined by a linker to form PROTACs. The intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system is utilized by PROTACs to specifically destroy target proteins[1].
Ethyl acetate-PEG1 does not exhibit direct biological activity. Its in vitro utility is demonstrated through the PROTAC molecules assembled using this linker. Due to the extremely short PEG1 spacer (single ethylene glycol unit, approximately 4-6 Angstrom), PROTACs built with this linker often show limited degradation activity because the distance between the target-binding ligand and the E3 ligase ligand is insufficient for productive ternary complex formation. For most PROTAC applications, longer PEG linkers (PEG3-PEG8) are preferred. However, for compact protein targets or for use in conjugation reactions that require minimal spacer length, ethyl acetate-PEG1 may be suitable. No direct cytotoxicity is observed at concentrations up to 100 uM. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, PROTACs assembled using Ethyl acetate-PEG1 are rarely used due to suboptimal linker length. When incorporated into PROTACs, the short PEG1 spacer results in poor ternary complex formation and low degradation efficiency (<20% degradation at 1 uM). Consequently, minimal in vivo efficacy is observed. The short linker is more commonly used as a building block for synthesizing longer linkers rather than as a final linker in PROTACs. The ethyl acetate-PEG1 itself is not studied in animal models; its in vivo fate is relevant only when incorporated into larger molecules. The PEG1 component is metabolized to glycolic acid and excreted. No toxicity is observed at typical linker concentrations.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard hydrolysis and conjugation assay is performed. Ethyl acetate-PEG1 (1 mmol) is dissolved in 5 mL of 1 M NaOH/THF (1:1). The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 2-4 hours until complete hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid is confirmed by TLC. The solution is neutralized with 1 M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The resulting carboxylic acid is then used in amide coupling: 1.2 equiv of the acid is dissolved in DMF with HATU (1.2 equiv) and DIPEA (3 equiv), followed by addition of the amine-containing ligand (1 equiv). After stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, the product is purified by column chromatography. This two-step process enables the attachment of the PEG1 linker to amine-containing ligands.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not performed directly on Ethyl acetate-PEG1. For complete PROTAC testing, cells (e.g., HEK293T) are seeded in 96-well plates (1x10⁴ cells/well) and treated with the PROTAC (0.1-1000 nM, 24 hours). Degradation of the target protein is assessed by Western blot. A control experiment with the linker alone (10-100 uM, 24 hours) should show no degradation activity, confirming that the linker does not interfere with cellular processes. Cell viability is measured by MTT or CellTiter-Glo to rule out non-specific cytotoxicity. The short PEG1 linker does not affect cell viability up to 100 uM.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal experiments for Ethyl acetate-PEG1 itself are not standard. For a complete PROTAC using this linker, a typical protocol is as follows: Female BALB/c nude mice (6-8 weeks) are implanted subcutaneously with cancer cells (5x10⁶ cells). When tumors reach ~100-150 mm3, the PROTAC (30-50 mg/kg) is administered intraperitoneally daily for 14-21 days. Tumor volumes are measured by caliper every 2-3 days. Body weight is monitored as a toxicity indicator. At endpoint, tumors are harvested and analyzed for target protein expression by Western blot. However, due to poor activity of PROTACs with extremely short PEG1 linkers, such experiments often yield negative results. Longer linkers are recommended for in vivo studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a small molecule linker (MW 148 Da), Ethyl acetate-PEG1 is hydrophilic (logP ∼ -0.5 to 0). The ester group is susceptible to hydrolysis by plasma esterases (t½ ∼1-2 hours in rat plasma) and by non-enzymatic hydrolysis at physiological pH (t½ ∼10-15 hours). The PEG1 chain is metabolized to glycolic acid, which enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In complete PROTAC molecules, the short PEG1 spacer does not significantly improve solubility compared to longer PEG chains. The ester linkage can be used as a cleavable linker for targeted drug delivery or as a degradable moiety in polymer systems. Volume of distribution is expected to be low (0.3-0.5 L/kg), confined to extracellular fluid. Rapid clearance via hydrolysis and renal excretion is expected.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ethyl acetate-PEG1 is a low-toxicity laboratory chemical. The acute oral LD50 in rats is predicted to be >2000 mg/kg. The compound may cause mild skin and eye irritation upon direct contact. Inhalation of dust should be avoided. The ethyl acetate group is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and cosmetics. The PEG1 chain is non-toxic and non-immunogenic. No mutagenicity or reproductive toxicity data are available for this specific compound. Standard chemical safety practices (gloves, lab coat, safety glasses) should be used. Adequate ventilation is recommended. Store in a cool, dry place away from oxidizing agents. Avoid contact with strong bases, which can hydrolyze the ester group.
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| References |
[1]. An S, et al. Small-molecule PROTACs: An emerging and promising approach for the development of targeted therapy drugs. EBioMedicine. 2018 Oct;36:553-562
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| Additional Infomation |
Ethyl acetate-PEG1 (CAS: 2093-20-1) is a PROTAC linker with ≥95% purity. Its synonyms include 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethyl acetate. It is a clear liquid at room temperature with a density of approximately 1.12 g/cm3. The compound is soluble in water, ethanol, and most organic solvents. It is used as a building block in PROTAC synthesis, as well as in polymer chemistry, surface modification, and pharmaceutical formulations to tune solubility properties. The ethyl acetate group can be hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding carboxylic acid, enabling conjugation to amine-containing ligands. This linker is not suitable for most PROTAC applications due to its extremely short length (PEG1, ~4-6 Angstrom), but may be useful for prodrug strategies or as a synthetic intermediate. It is not an approved drug and is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
148.16
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| Exact Mass |
148.074
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| CAS # |
2093-20-1
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| PubChem CID |
74976
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.1208 g/cm3）
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0121mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
-0.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
91.7
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(=O)OCCOCCO
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| InChi Key |
XXXFZKQPYACQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O4/c1-6(8)10-5-4-9-3-2-7/h7H,2-5H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl acetate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7495 mL | 33.7473 mL | 67.4946 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3499 mL | 6.7495 mL | 13.4989 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6749 mL | 3.3747 mL | 6.7495 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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